In vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks, the real-time information exchange among vehicles is essential for ensuring safe driving. Therefore, the consensus mechanism in V2X must simultaneously satisfy the requirements of low latency and high throughput. Existing consensus mechanisms based on PBFT(Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance), HotStuff, and DAG(Directed Acyclic Graph) still face challenges of high communication overhead and limited scalability in V2X environments characterized by dynamic topologies and resource constraints. To address these issues, a hybrid consensus protocol was proposed based on RSU(Road Side Unit) delegation. The protocol leveraged the stable computing power of RSUs as the core consensus layer, while vehicle-end nodes were only responsible for transaction generation and delegation tasks, thereby significantly reducing the computational and communication overhead of the vehicle ends. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed scheme not only achieved high throughput and low latency under varying node counts and batch sizes, but also effectively resisted threats such as double-spending and Sybil attacks.
其中是群的固定生成元,为生成该签名的RSU节点公钥.与各RSU公钥均属于系统初始化阶段经PKI注册的公开参数,验证方在本地即可获取,无需随签名重复传输.该方案将k个签名压缩为单个群元素,使签名传输与存储开销降至 O(1);聚合验证需执行k+1次双线性配对,计算开销随聚合规模线性增长,但单次操作为毫秒级,在车联网100 ms 广播周期内,能够满足高并发、低时延场景的实时性需求.
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