To address the prevalent issues of strong reliance on third-party key centers and high computational complexity in existing authentication schemes, this paper proposed a lightweight cross-domain authentication scheme based on blockchain and dynamic pseudonyms. To eliminate the risk of identity forgery, a dynamic pseudonym generation mechanism was introduced to enhance system resilience and privacy protection. To remove dependence on centralized trust, a consortium blockchain was further employed to construct a decentralized trust root, and automated and traceable identity management is realized through chaincode. Based on the ProVerif tool, formal verification is conducted to assess the scheme’s resilience against typical security threats such as identity impersonation and replay attacks. For performance evaluation, a blockchain prototype was built based on Hyperledger Fabric, where data transmission performance is tested with the Caliper tool. Computational and communication overhead were quantified using the PBC (Pairing-Based Cryptography) and Crypto++ libraries. Experimental results demonstrated that, compared with existing schemes, the proposed scheme reduced computational overhead by approximately 55.6%~87.7%, with communication overhead of only 288 bytes (a 35%~76% reduction) and storage overhead of only 120 bytes (an 11.8%~57.6% reduction). The blockchain tests further showed that query latency remained below 20 ms, and throughput increased steadily with the transaction volume. In summary, the proposed scheme provided formally provable security while significantly improving computational, communication, and storage performance, demonstrating efficient adaptability in resource-constrained unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network environments.
模型的总体架构如图1所示,其系统主要由四种核心实体构成:区块链网络、地面控制单元(Ground Control Unit,GU)、传输单元及无人机.在初始注册阶段,位于源域(域A)内的无人机向其所属的GU提交身份信息以完成注册,并在此过程中生成、分发和存储相应的非对称密钥对.当该无人机需执行跨域飞行至目标域(域B)并与该域内设备进行通信时,必须首先与目标域的GU建立信任.此过程始于无人机向目标域的GU发起跨域认证请求,并执行一个基于椭圆曲线密码学(ECC)的认证协议.认证成功后,为保障后续通信的机密性、完整性和可持续性,通信双方将进一步协商生成一个临时的会话密钥.
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