《肘后备急方》咳嗽方剂配伍规律及其气机升降调控模式研究
王隽 , 陈海媚 , 李梦婷 , 李萍 , 施崇精 , 李瑞
西南民族大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5) : 526 -532.
《肘后备急方》咳嗽方剂配伍规律及其气机升降调控模式研究
Compatibility regularity of cough prescriptions in Zhouhou Beiji Fang and its regulatory mode of qi ascending and descending
基于数据挖掘方法分析《肘后备急方》卷三“治卒上气咳嗽方第二十三”所载方剂的用药配伍规律,探讨其咳嗽辨治体系及气机升降调控模式.收集该篇所载方剂,构建“方-药”数据库,对药物频次、功效分类、四气五味、归经及升降浮沉进行描述性统计;采用系统聚类与Apriori关联规则分析挖掘核心药物组合,并结合气机升降及肺脾相关理论加以阐释.共纳入规范方剂61首,涉及中药51味.高频药物为甘草、干姜、生姜、苦杏仁等.药性以温、微温为主,药味以辛、苦、甘为主,归经以肺、脾、胃为主,药物作用趋向以升浮、沉降及升降兼具为主.聚类分析形成4类药物组合:宣降协调组、化痰肃肺组、温中理气组、攻逐兼补组.关联规则显示苦杏仁-麻黄、生姜-吴茱萸等为强关联组合.该篇咳嗽方剂遵循寒热虚实辨证原则:寒咳重宣肺散寒、温中化饮,热咳重清肺肃降,虚咳重补益脾肺,痰饮咳重温化逐饮.诸法虽异,但核心皆在恢复肺脾气机升降秩序.《肘后备急方》咳嗽辨治思想可概括为“辨病机分层,统于气机调控”,为认识东晋时期咳嗽治疗特点及古方现代应用提供文献支撑.
The compatibility regularity of prescriptions recorded in the chapter Formulas for Acute Dyspneic Cough (Chapter 23, Volume Ⅲ) of Zhouhou Beiji Fang (Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies) was analyzed by adopting data mining methods, and its therapeutic system for cough based on syndrome differentiation was explored, along with the regulatory mode of qi ascending and descending. Prescriptions from this chapter were collected to establish a “prescription-herb” database. Descriptive statistics were performed on herb frequency, efficacy categories, four natures and five flavors, the channel tropism, as well as ascending and descending, floating and sinking. Meanwhile, systematic clustering and Apriori association rule analysis were employed to identify core herb combinations, which were then interpreted in light of the theories of qi ascending and descending and lung-spleen correlation. A total of 61 standardized prescriptions involving 51 herbs were included. The most frequently employed herbs were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, and Armeniacae Semen Amarum. Warm and slightly warm herbs predominated, while pungent, bitter, and sweet flavors were dominant. The primary channel tropisms were the lung, spleen, and stomach. The directional properties of the herbs were predominantly ascending-floating, descending-sinking, and dual ascending-descending in nature. Clustering analysis identified four herb combinations: the diffusing-descending coordination group, phlegm-resolving and lung-soothing group, interior-warming and qi-regulating group, and purgative-expelling with supplementation group. Association rule analysis revealed strong correlations between herb pairs such as Armeniacae Semen Amarum-Ephedrae Herba and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens–Euodiae Fructus. The prescriptions in this chapter followed syndrome differentiation of cold, heat, deficiency, and excess: cold cough was treated by ventilating the lung, dispersing cold, and warming the interior to transform fluids, heat cough was treated by clearing the lung and restoring downward qi, deficiency cough was treated by tonifying the spleen and lung, and phlegm-retention cough was treated by warming transformation and expelling fluids. Though the methods differed, they were all aimed at restoring the qi ascending and descending order of the lung and spleen. The thought on cough treatment based on syndrome differentiation in Zhouhou Beiji Fang was summarized as “stratified treatment by pathomechanism and unified treatment by qi regulation”, providing literature support for understanding the characteristics of cough therapy in the Eastern Jin dynasty and the modern application of ancient prescriptions.
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四川省自然科学基金项目(2025NSFSC1963)
四川省名中医李萍传承工作室建设项目(川中医药函[2024]57号)
四川省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地——四川中医药文化协同发展研究中心资助/立项课题(2023XT75)
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