医疗大数据平台建设需求、实施路径与成效探讨
吴欢 , 车贺宾 , 乌日力格 , 王万玲 , 陈媛媛 , 何昆仑
解放军医学院学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (02) : 119 -125.
医疗大数据平台建设需求、实施路径与成效探讨
Research on demand, implementation pathways and effectiveness of medical big data platform
背景 随着医疗信息化的发展,医疗大数据平台成为临床研究资源再分析、利用的关键突破点。然而,医疗数据的多源异构性、数据标准多样性、患者隐私保护要求高等特点增加了数据采集与应用的难度。 目的 分析医疗大数据平台建设需求,研发自助式全流程数据治理平台及工具,构建多中心医疗大数据平台。 方法 通过梳理医院数据应用需求,采用模块化、组件化的构建思路进行平台架构设计,提炼出与应用系统相对独立、通用的组件及管理工具,搭建多中心、多源异构医疗大数据平台。 结果 完成解放军总医院门急诊和住院电子病历数据汇聚治理,研发了全流程、可视化数据治理工具。定义的事件图谱Schema涵盖29个本体类别和128个概念、1 009种关系和3 022种属性,包括临床循证医学知识和临床诊疗、物联网、医学影像等数据。数据治理的一致性和可溯源性达99.99%,知识准确率达到95%以上。构建了贯穿科研全流程、覆盖不同研究类型需求的一站式数据智能检索与科研分析系统和专病库智能分析系统。 结论 该平台不仅为临床科研人员提供了数据检索与分析系统,还为数据工程师提供了数据治理和平台运维工具,提升了平台的可扩展性和灵活性。
Background With the development of medical informatization, medical big data platforms have become an important foundation for clinical research and a key breakthrough point for resource re analysis and utilization. However, the multi-source heterogeneity of medical data, the diversity of data standards, and the high requirements of patient privacy protection increase the difficulty of data acquisition and application. Objective To analyze the requirements for establishing a medical big data platform, develop a self-service, full-process data governance platform and tools, and construct a multi-center medical big data platform. Methods By reviewing the application needs of hospital data and adopting a modular and component-based design approach, the platform architecture was designed. The universally applicable components and management tools that were relatively independent of specific application systems were extracted and utilized to build a multi-center, multi-source heterogeneous medical big data platform. Results The electronic medical record data of the outpatient, emergency and inpatient departments of the Chinese PLA General Hospital had been aggregated and processed. A full-process, visual data governance tool was developed. The defined event schema graph covered 29 ontology categories, 128 concepts, 1 009 relationships and 3 022 attributes, including clinical evidence-based medical knowledge, clinical diagnosis and treatment, Internet of Things, medical imaging and other data. The consistency and traceability of data governance reached 99.99%, and the knowledge accuracy rate was over 95%. A one-stop data intelligent retrieval and scientific research analysis system and a specialized disease database intelligent analysis system covering the entire scientific research process and different research types have been constructed. Conclusion The platform not only provides a data retrieval and analysis system for clinical researchers, but also provides data management and platform operation and maintenance tools for data engineers, which improves the scalability and flexibility of the platform.
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新一代人工智能国家科技重大专项(2021ZD0140406)
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