梅毒母婴阻断中治疗时机与疗程对婴幼儿血清学结局的影响
Influences of timing and duration of treatment on serologic outcomes in infants in mother-to-child interruption of syphilis
背景 梅毒母婴传播导致全球每年数十万例不良妊娠结局,我国防控形势尤为严峻。尽管孕期青霉素治疗是核心策略,但治疗时机选择、血清学固定人群管理及规范方案有效性仍存争议。 目的 评估不同治疗措施对梅毒孕妇及其所生婴幼儿血清学结局的影响,探讨治疗时机及疗程差异的临床意义。 方法 采用回顾性队列研究设计,以常州市2015年1月至2019年12月的梅毒感染孕妇为研究对象,按照干预措施分为未治疗组、单疗程组及双疗程组。通过分层分析比较各组婴幼儿梅毒特异性抗体转阴时间、感染排除时间及母体非特异性抗体滴度变化。 结果 未治疗组(n=145)、单疗程治疗组 (n=116)与双疗程治疗组(n=148)在年龄、民族、学历、婚姻状态、梅毒分期、感染途径等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但三组孕妇的血清滴度降幅存在显著差异(H=16.762,P<0.001),而双疗程治疗使婴幼儿的特异性抗体中位转阴时间缩短[M(IQR):6(3 ~ 12) vs 9(6 ~ 12),P=0.008]。治疗启动时机对单疗程、双疗程的多个治疗亚组在母体血清滴度降幅、所生婴幼儿特异性抗体转阴时间及婴幼儿梅毒排除时间等方面的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。血清固定孕妇的治疗获益有限,其新生儿抗体转阴时间与未治疗组差异无统计学意义(H=3.994,P>0.05)。高滴度组与低滴度组的两组滴度降幅差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),主要表现在高滴度组中在分别接受单疗程、双疗程治疗后滴度降幅显著[M(IQR):0(0 ~ 1)、1(0 ~ 3)]。通过析因分析结合Bootstrap自助法(各因素组合亚组抽样80次验证)发现,不同治疗强度与高低滴度因素间交互作用极显著(P<0.001),且高滴度组随治疗强度增加滴度变化更明显、患者获益更大,符合临床实践。 结论 分娩前完成足疗程青霉素治疗可加速婴幼儿血清学转阴,但也需重新评估血清固定孕妇的治疗必要性。
Background Syphilis mother-to-child transmission causes hundreds of thousands of adverse pregnancy outcomes globally each year, with China's prevention and control situation being particularly severe. Although penicillin treatment during pregnancy is the core strategy, controversies persist regarding the optimal timing of treatment, the management of serofast populations, and the effectiveness of standardized protocols. Objective To evaluate the effect of different treatment regimens on serological outcomes in infants born to mothers with syphilis, and explore the clinical implications of variations in treatment timing and duration. Methods A retrospective cohort study design was performed in pregnant women with syphilis infection in Changzhou from January 2015 to December 2019, and the patients were categorized into untreated group, single-course group, and double-course group according to different intervention methods. The time of syphilis-specific antibody conversion in infants, time of infection exclusion and changes in maternal non-specific antibody titers were compared among the groups by stratified analysis. Results There were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics such as age, ethnicity, education level, marital status, syphilis stage, and mode of infection among the three groups (P>0.05). However, significant difference was found in the reduction of serum titers among pregnant women in the untreated group (n=145), single-course treatment group (n=116), and double-course treatment group (n=148) (P<0.001). Additionally, double-course treatment shortened the time to seroconversion of treponema pallidum antibodies in infants [M (IQR): 6(3, 12) vs 9(6, 12), P=0.008]. There were no significant differences between the single-course and double-course treatment subgroups in terms of maternal serum titer reduction, the time to seroconversion of specific antibodies in infants, and the time to exclusion of syphilis in infants (P>0.05). The therapeutic benefits for pregnant women with fixed serum titers were limited, and there was no significant difference in the time to seroconversion of antibodies in their newborns compared to the untreated group (P>0.05). The difference in titer reduction between the high titer group and the low titer group was significant (P<0.001), mainly manifested in the high titer group, where titer reduction was significant after receiving single-course and double-course treatments [M (IQR): 0 (0,1), 1 (0,3)]. Using factorial ANOVA combined with the Bootstrap resampling method (each factor combination subgroup was sampled 80 times for validation), it was found that the interaction between different treatment intensities and high/low titer levels was extremely significant (P<0.001). Moreover, in the high-titer group, more pronounced titer changes were observed with increasing treatment intensity, resulting in greater patient benefits, which aligns with clinical practice. Conclusion Completion of a full course of penicillin therapy prior to delivery accelerates the recovery of serologic conversion in infants, but the need for therapy in serofixed pregnant women also needs to be reassessed.
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