噬菌体内溶素的应用及其作用机制研究进展

Application and Mechanism of Endolysins in Bacteriophages

摘要

细菌耐药性的持续蔓延已成为全球公共卫生领域的重大挑战。噬菌体衍生的内溶素因其独特的抗菌机制，逐渐成为替代传统抗生素的新型抗菌物质。内溶素是噬菌体编码的肽聚糖水解酶，通过裂解细菌细胞壁发挥杀菌作用，具有宿主特异性强、不易耐药、菌群干扰小及多靶点协同等优势。内溶素在人类医学、兽医学及食品工业等领域中对多种耐药菌表现出强效裂解活性。内溶素与传统抗生素联合应用可产生协同效应，显著降低抗生素的最低抑菌浓度，并提高感染模型的生存率。对内溶素作为新型抗菌剂的应用及作用机制进展进行综述，以期为后续将噬菌体内溶素应用于细菌耐药性感染的研究提供参考。

Abstract

The continued spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance has become a major challenge in global public health. Endolysins derived from bacteriophages, with their unique antimicrobial mechanisms, are gradually emerging as novel antibacterial agents to replace conventional antibiotics. Endolysins are peptidoglycan hydrolases encoded by bacteriophages that exert bactericidal effects by lysing bacterial cell walls, with advantages such as strong host specificity, low propensity for resistance development, minimal disruption to the microbiota, and synergistic multi-target mechanisms. Endolysins have demonstrated potent lytic activity against various antibiotic-resistant bacteria in human medicine, veterinary medicine, and the food industry. When combined with conventional antibiotics, endolysins can produce synergistic effects, significantly reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics and improving survival rates in infection models. This review summarizes the application and mechanisms of action of endolysins as novel antimicrobial agents, with the aim of providing reference for future research on the application of bacteriophage endolysins in treating bacterial antibiotic-resistant infections.

关键词

内溶素 / 噬菌体 / 噬菌体疗法 / 细菌耐药性

Key words

Endolysin / Bacteriophage / Phage therapy / Bacterial resistance

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(82360189)

云南省科技厅基础研究专项基金(202301AT070483)

云南省科技厅-昆明医科大学应用基础研究联合专项基金(202301AY070001-105)

云南省高层次卫生健康技术人才培养专项基金(D2024005)