云南省景洪市儿童青少年抑郁、焦虑与自杀行为的影响因素及关联性分析

王秋燕 ,  陈龙凤 ,  陈志光 ,  杨宁涛 ,  许传志

昆明医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6) : 64 -75.

PDF (728KB)
昆明医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6) : 64 -75. DOI: 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260607
基础研究

云南省景洪市儿童青少年抑郁、焦虑与自杀行为的影响因素及关联性分析

作者信息 +

Risk Factors and Correlation of Depression,Anxiety and Suicidal Behaviors Among Children and Adolescents in Jinghong City,Yunnan Province

Author information +
文章历史 +
PDF (745K)

摘要

目的 探究云南景洪市儿童青少年抑郁、焦虑和自杀行为的现状及其影响因素,分析自杀行为与抑郁、焦虑症状之间的关联,并提出切实可行的预防控制措施。方法 采用横断面调查设计,于2023年12月通过两阶段随机整群抽样方法,抽取云南景洪市6 014名10~17岁在校学生为调查对象。使用患者健康问卷抑郁量表(patient health questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(generalized anxiety disorder,GAD-7)、自杀行为问卷修订版(suicidal behaviors questionnaire revised,SBQ-R)评估心理健康状况,结合自编问卷收集个人、家庭、学校相关信息。采用卡方检验、二元Logistic回归分析抑郁、焦虑的影响因素,并探究自杀行为与抑郁、焦虑的关联。结果 共回收有效问卷5 857份,有效应答率为97.4%;男性占49.3%,女性占50.7%。抑郁焦虑症状总检出率分别为17.7%和10.5%。单因素分析发现,抑郁症状在不同性别、年级、是否转过学、家庭常住人口数、父母患病、父母婚姻状况、家庭收入是否稳定、父母外出务工特征人群中的分布存在差异(P < 0.05)。焦虑症状在不同性别、家庭常住人口数、父母患病、父母婚姻状况、家庭收入是否稳定、父母外出务工特征人群中的分布存在差异(P < 0.05)。多因素分析显示,女性(OR = 3.194,95%CI: 2.741~3.720)、初中(OR = 1.85,95%CI: 1.435~2.385)、高中(OR = 2.055,95%CI: 1.550~2.724)、有转学经历(OR = 1.318,95%CI: 1.084~1.603)、父亲患病(OR = 1.611,95%CI: 1.327~1.956)、母亲患病(OR = 1.701,95%CI: 1.352~2.141)、父母离异(OR = 1.290,95%CI: 1.033~1.612)、父母再婚(OR = 1.658,95%CI: 1.314~2.092)、家庭无稳定收入来源(OR = 1.348,95%CI: 1.004~1.809)是抑郁症状发生的危险因素。住校(OR = 0.814,95%CI: 0.681~0.973)、家庭常住人口较多(2~4人、≥5人)(OR1 = 0.647,95%CI: 0.483~0.867;OR2 = 0.693,95%CI: 0.497~0.966)、父亲未外出务工(OR = 0.755,95%CI: 0.575~0.990)是抑郁症状发生的保护因素。女性(OR = 2.688,95%CI: 2.230~3.240)、父亲患病(OR = 1.692,95%CI: 1.345~2.129)、父母离异(OR = 1.450,95%CI: 1.094~1.922)是焦虑症状发生的危险因素。家庭常住人口较多(2~4人)(OR = 0.676,95%CI: 0.478~0.956)是焦虑症状发生的保护因素。抑郁和焦虑均是儿童青少年自杀计划和自杀企图的独立危险因素。结论 云南省景洪市儿童青少年抑郁、焦虑症状检出率高于全国平均水平;性别、年级、就读方式、转学经历、父母婚姻和健康状况、家庭有无稳定收入、家庭常住人口数是主要影响因素;抑郁、焦虑症状可显著增加儿童青少年自杀风险。

Abstract

Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of depression,anxiety,and suicidal behaviors among children and adolescents in Jinghong City,Yunnan Province,analyze the correlation between suicidal behaviors and symptoms of depression and anxiety,and propose practical prevention and control measures. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2023 using two-stage random cluster sampling to recruit 6,014 school-attending students aged 10~17 years from Jinghong,Yunnan Province. Psychological health status was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7),and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire Revised(SBQ-R). Personal,family,and school-related information was collected using a self-designed questionnaire. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis were employed to identify risk factors for depression and anxiety,and to explore the associations between suicidal behaviors and these conditions. Results A total of 5,857 valid questionnaires were collected with a response rate of 97.4%; 49.3% were male and 50.7% were female. The overall detection rates of depression and anxiety symptoms were 17.7% and 10.5%,respectively. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in depression symptoms across different genders,grades,school transfer history,household population size,parental illness,parental marital status,household income stability,and parental migration patterns(P < 0.05). Anxiety symptoms showed significant differences across gender,household population size,parental illness,parental marital status,household income stability,and parental migration patterns(P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified female gender(OR = 3.194,95%CI: 2.741~3.720),junior high school(OR = 1.85,95%CI: 1.435~2.385),senior high school(OR = 2.055,95%CI: 1.550~2.724),history of school transfer(OR = 1.318,95%CI: 1.084~1.603),paternal illness(OR = 1.611,95%CI: 1.327~1.956),maternal illness(OR = 1.701,95%CI: 1.352~2.141),parental divorce(OR = 1.290,95%CI: 1.033~1.612),parental remarriage(OR = 1.658,95%CI: 1.314~2.092),and unstable family income(OR = 1.348,95%CI: 1.004~1.809)as risk factors for depression. Boarding school residence(OR = 0.814,95%CI: 0.681~0.973),larger household size(2~4 persons,≥5 persons)(OR1 = 0.647,95%CI: 0.483~0.867; OR2 = 0.693,95%CI: 0.497~0.966),and father not engaged in migrant work(OR = 0.755,95%CI: 0.575~0.990)were protective factors against depression. Female gender(OR = 2.688,95%CI: 2.230~3.240),paternal illness(OR = 1.692,95%CI: 1.345~2.129),and parental divorce(OR = 1.450,95%CI: 1.094~1.922)were risk factors for anxiety. Larger household size(2~4 persons)(OR = 0.676,95%CI: 0.478~0.956)was a protective factor against anxiety. Both depression and anxiety were independent risk factors for suicide planning and suicide attempts among children and adolescents. Conclusion The detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents in Jinghong,Yunnan exceed the national average. Gender,grade level,school enrollment type,school transfer history,parental marital and health status,household income stability,and household population size are major influencing factors. Depression and anxiety symptoms significantly increase suicide risk in children and adolescents.

关键词

青少年 / 心理健康 / 少数民族 / 抑郁 / 焦虑 / 自杀

Key words

Adolescent / Mental health / Ethnic minority / Depression / Anxiety / Suicide

引用本文

引用格式 ▾
王秋燕,陈龙凤,陈志光,杨宁涛,许传志. 云南省景洪市儿童青少年抑郁、焦虑与自杀行为的影响因素及关联性分析[J]. 昆明医科大学学报, 2026, 47(6): 64-75 DOI:10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20260607

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户 忘记密码

参考文献

[1]

World Health Organization. Adolescent mental health[EB/OL]. (2023-11-17)[2025-07-23]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health.

[2]

钱婷, 张丽霞, 吴雅萍. 青少年非自杀性自伤的危险因素分析及防范对策[J]. 基层医学论坛, 2022, 26(23): 120-123.

[3]

苗懿, 李隽逸, 黄佩姗, . 不同因素对青少年抑郁障碍非自杀性自伤行为的影响[J]. 中山大学学报(医学科学版), 2025, 46(1): 123-131.

[4]

陈祉妍, 傅小兰, 张侃, . 中国国民心理健康发展报告(2019~2020)[M]. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2021: 143-164.

[5]

陶然, 纪文博, 张惠敏. 青少年抑郁症研究新进展[J]. 武警医学, 2015, 26(2): 109-112.

[6]

Lu B, Lin L, Su X. Global burden of depression or depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Affect Disord, 2024, 354: 553-562.

[7]

Kann L, Kinchen S A, Williams B I, et al. Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States,1999[J]. J Sch Health, 2000, 70(7): 271-285.

[8]

Brent D A. Assessment and treatment of the youthful suicidal patient[J]. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2001, 932(1): 106-131.

[9]

Balázs J, Miklósi M, Keresztény Á, et al. Adolescent subthreshold-depression and anxiety: Psychopathology,functional impairment and increased suicide risk[J]. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2013, 54(6): 670-677.

[10]

Wadolowska L, Hamulka J, Kowalkowska J, et al. Prudent-active and fast-food-sedentary dietary-lifestyle patterns: The association with adiposity,nutrition knowledge and sociodemographic factors in Polish teenagers-The ABC of healthy eating project[J]. Nutrients, 2018, 10(12): 1988.

[11]

Ahmad N, Cheong S M, Ibrahim N, et al. Suicidal ideation among Malaysian adolescents[J]. Asia Pac J Public Health, 2014, 26(5): 63S-69S.

[12]

Yang L S, Zhang Z H, Sun L, et al. Prevalence of suicide attempts among college students in China: A meta-analysis[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(2): e0116303.

[13]

Beck A T, Davis J H, Frederick C J, et al. Classification and nomenclature[M]. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1972: 7-12.

[14]

董永海, 刘芸, 刘磊, . 中国中学生自杀相关行为报告率的Meta分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2014, 35(4): 532-536.

[15]

马定松, 秦竹, 陈平, . 傣族、汉族群众抑郁状况比较研究及原因分析[J]. 云南中医学院学报, 2012, 35(1): 20-22+40.

[16]

刘钰, 崔建爱, 张海清. 多民族地区专科学校新生心理健康调查分析[J]. 心理月刊, 2023, 18(10): 197-199+202.

[17]

中国网心理中国. 2022年青少年心理健康状况调查报告[EB/OL]. (023-08-10)[2025-07-23]. http://psy.china.com.cn/2023-08/10/content_42459520.htm.

[18]

王思凡. PHQ-9和GAD-7对不同特征儿童青少年抑郁及焦虑症状初筛时的最佳截断值研究[D]. 昆明: 昆明医科大学, 2024.

[19]

梁雪萌. 童年期虐待和自杀相关风险: 性格正念的中介作用[D]. 昆明: 昆明医科大学, 2024.

[20]

车玉三. 儿童期虐待与青少年自杀相关行为: 心理韧性的中介作用[D]. 昆明: 昆明医科大学, 2023.

[21]

Spitzer R L. Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MDThe PHQ primary care study[J]. Jama, 1999, 282(18): 1737.

[22]

Manea L, Gilbody S, McMillan D. A diagnostic meta-analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)algorithm scoring method as a screen for depression[J]. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 2015, 37(1): 67-75.

[23]

Spitzer R L, Kroenke K, Williams J B W, et al. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7[J]. Arch Intern Med, 2006, 166(10): 1092-1097.

[24]

Zheng M, Guo X, Chen Z, et al. Association between interpersonal relations and anxiety,depression symptoms,and suicidal ideation among middle school students[J]. Front Public Health, 2023, 11: 1053341.

[25]

Huen J M Y, Yip P S F, Osman A, et al. The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised(SBQ-R)and its Chinese version(C-SBQ-R): Further validity testing using the culture,comprehension,and translation bias procedure[J]. Psychol Assess, 2022, 34(7): 704-710.

[26]

昌敬惠, 袁愈新, 王冬. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下大学生心理健康状况及影响因素分析[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2020, 40(2): 171-176.

[27]

房燕娜, 曹乾, 兰莹利. 中国儿童青少年抑郁现状及性别、城乡差异分析[J]. 中国预防医学杂志, 2023, 24(4): 380-387.

[28]

黄梦圆, 章琴, 唐敏, . 安徽省某寄宿制学校初中生抑郁现状及其家庭影响因素研究[J]. 安徽预防医学杂志, 2022, 28(2): 101-106.

[29]

王少君, 张薇, 德力格尔. 内蒙古自治区学生心理健康状况分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2022, 43(4): 578-581+585.

[30]

穆晓东, 刘宏, 杨帆, . 2023年云南省中学生抑郁症状流行的影响因素[J]. 上海预防医学, 2026, 38(2): 108-115.

[31]

张韫. 感知同伴支持对青少年早期自我概念的影响及其后效[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2024.

[32]

朱宇, 李静, 刘芳, . 学生感知老师关怀行为与抑郁的关联研究[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2024, 28(8): 982-987.

[33]

刘文萍, 杨帆. 转学生心理健康水平影响机制的研究——来自中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)的经验证据[J]. 上海教育科研, 2020(2): 25-30.

[34]

任晓虹, 岑雨, 罗静, . 父母婚姻状况对中学生消极情绪和非自杀性自伤行为的影响: 一项多中心横断面研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(14): 1708-1715.

[35]

童星. 父母参与对初中生心理健康的影响: 有调节的中介效应[J]. 教育学术月刊, 2025(3): 86-93.

[36]

刘恒, 周铁民, 张长路, . 亲子分离对留守儿童抑郁影响的研究进展[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2023, 44(10): 1592-1595+ 1600.

[37]

侯威威, 鲁小华, 侯文鹏, . 单亲家庭大学生自杀风险影响因素分析[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2024, 40(4): 496-502.

[38]

万国威. 我国农村留守儿童面临的风险及对策建议[J]. 人民论坛, 2025(4): 54-58.

[39]

傅小兰, 张侃. 中国国民心理健康发展报告-2021~2022,2021-2022[M]. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2023.

[40]

黎志华, 王湘湘, 徐亚楠, . 低收入家庭青少年情绪问题发展轨迹的异质性及其影响因素: 一项聚合交叉设计[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2024, 32(6): 1233-1240.

[41]

张晓蓓, 高逸文. 父母外出务工对农村留守儿童心理及行为的影响研究[J]. 长沙理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2025, 40(4): 143-154.

[42]

申燕妮. 父母外出及返乡对留守儿童心理健康的影响[D]. 西安: 陕西师范大学, 2017.

[43]

谢虹雅, 李秀玲, 王雯, . 贵州省12~16岁儿童青少年行为问题现况及相关因素[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2023, 44(2): 211-214+ 218.

[44]

张顺军, 冉飞, 徐立宏, . 边境民族地区中小学生心理健康影响因素研究[J]. 数理医药学杂志, 2024, 37(6): 403-411.

[45]

李二雷. 抑郁对自杀意图的影响: 自伤行为的中介作用[J]. 心理月刊, 2026, 21(3): 129-131.

[46]

袁晓菲, 刘梦琪, 吴元贞, . 青少年心境障碍患者自杀未遂的影响因素分析[J]. 首都医科大学学报, 2024, 45(1): 81-87.

[47]

于晓蕾, 丁艳虹, 董强利, . 青少年抑郁障碍患者自杀意念与抑郁、焦虑症状、反刍思维及自我接纳的关系[J]. 医学新知, 2025, 35(7): 757-766.

[48]

许琳苑, 赵华君, 李超, . 青少年抑郁患者自伤或自杀的心理特征和疼痛耐受[J]. 昆明医科大学学报, 2025, 46(1): 68-77.

[49]

尚文, 杨明月, 倪珂, . 医学生焦虑、抑郁症状与情绪预期关系的网络分析[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2025, 33(6): 1230-1234+1195.

[50]

余习德, 谢德新, 黄华翔, . 中职学生抑郁焦虑症状大规模调查及共病结构网络分析[J/OL]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 1-13[2026-06-01]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.5257.R.20251224.1012.002.

[51]

龙细连, 唐雅君, 黄守桢, . 抑郁、焦虑情绪对医学生自杀态度的共同影响: 基于网络分析的视角[C]//中国心理学会. 第二十六届全国心理学学术会议摘要集(七). 福建师范大学心理学院;漳州卫生职业学院, 2025: 20-21.

[52]

胡韦菊. 视屏时间与中学生抑郁焦虑症状的关联性研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆医科大学, 2024.

[53]

荣丽敏, 郑艺, 段煕明, . 2021和2022年中国居民抑郁和焦虑症状及其共患的相关因素[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2023, 37(12): 1023-1030.

[54]

黄莹, 李燕, 杨国良, . 云南民族地区中学生抑郁症状流行特征分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2011, 32(9): 1121-1123.

[55]

胡发稳, 李丽菊, 李锐, . 边疆地区少数民族贫困生心理健康与人格特点分析[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2006, 14(3): 261-263.

[56]

胡金连, 张河川, 宋精玲, . 云南省7个民族青少年焦虑流行现状分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2009, 30(1): 42-43.

基金资助

昆明医科大学研究生创新基金(2025S168)

AI Summary AI Mindmap
PDF (728KB)

0

访问

0

被引

详细

导航
相关文章

AI思维导图

/