云南省三级医院护士对《脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者进食护理》团体标准的掌握情况

A Survey on Nurses' Mastery of the Group Standards Feeding Care for Patients with Post-Stroke Dysphagia in Tertiary Hospitals of Yunnan Province

摘要

目的 了解护士对《脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者进食护理》团体标准的掌握情况及影响因素。方法 采用分层随机抽样法，于2025年8月-10月选取云南省16个地州的32家三级医院的神经内科、神经外科、康复科、老年科、脑血管病科的护士作为研究对象。基于《脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者进食护理》团体标准设计调查问卷并开展调查。采用多因素线性回归分析，探究护士对脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者进食护理相关知识、技能掌握情况及影响因素。结果 回收有效问卷1 671份，其中仅49.79%的护士知晓《脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者进食护理》团体标准的颁布时间，35.85%曾系统学习该团体标准；知识与技能得分分别为（162.55±28.96）分和（45.47±8.10）分。多因素线性回归分析表明，知识掌握程度主要与性别、年龄、科室、职称及所在科室是否依据该团体标准开展护理等因素相关（P < 0.05）；而技能掌握程度则与职称、是否为专科护士、是否直接护理过相关患者、是否学习该团体标准或知晓该团体标准颁布时间、以及学习途径等多种因素相关（P < 0.05）。结论 护士的《脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者进食护理》团体标准的认知水平处于中等水平，技能水平处于中等偏上。护士知识认知水平受性别、年龄、科室、职称及所在科室是否依据该团体标准开展护理等因素的影响；技能水平受职称、是否为专科护士、是否直接护理过相关患者、是否学习该团体标准或知晓该团体标准颁布时间、以及学习途径等多种因素的影响。

Abstract

Objective To investigate nurses' mastery of the group standards for Feeding Care for Patients with Post-Stroke Dysphagia and to identify the relevant influencing factors. Method A stratified random sampling method was employed to enroll registered nurses in the neurology，neurosurgery，rehabilitation，geriatrics，and cerebrovascular disease departments of 32 tertiary hospitals across 16 prefectures and cities in Yunnan Province between August and October 2025. A self-designed questionnaire was designed based on the group standards for Feeding Nursing for Patients with Post-Stroke Dysphagia and used to conduct the investigation. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the factors influencing nurses’ mastery of knowledge and skills related to feeding nursing for patients with post-stroke dysphagia. Result A total of 1，671 valid questionnaires were recovered. Among them，only 49.79% of nurses were aware of the release date of the group standards，and 35.85% had received systematic training on this standard. The mean scores of knowledge and skills were 162.55 ± 28.96 and 45.47 ± 8.10，respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that nurses’ level of knowledge mastery was mainly associated with gender，age，department，professional title，and whether the department implemented nursing practice in accordance with the group standard （P < 0.05）. The level of skill mastery was associated with multiple factors，including professional title，whether the nurse was a specialized nurse，whether they had direct experience in caring for relevant patients，whether they had studied the group standard or knew its release date，and learning approaches （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Nurses achieved a moderate level of cognition of the group standards for Feeding Nursing of Stroke Patients with Dysphagia, and their practical skills were rated as moderately above average. Knowledge level was correlated with gender, age, department, professional title and departmental implementation of the standard. Practical skills were affected by professional title, specialist nurse identity, direct patient care experience, familiarity with and learning of the standard, as well as learning approaches.

关键词

脑卒中 / 吞咽障碍 / 团体标准 / 横断面调查 / 护理

Key words

Stroke / Dysphagia / Group standard / Cross-sectional study / Nursing care

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基金资助

云南省基础研究计划昆医联合专项项目(202301AY070001-223)

昆明医科大学成人与老年护理学科团队资助项目(2024XKTDPY15)

昆明医科大学硕士研究生教育创新基金(2025S210)