白芍与赤芍区分依据的历史演变与当代思考
Historical evolution and contemporary reflections on the criteria for distinguishing Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra
本文系统梳理白芍与赤芍从先秦至今的历史演变脉络,聚焦药材分化、功效认知、药典标准及资源变迁四个维度。芍药入药之初并无赤白之分,自南北朝始现分化萌芽,至宋代形成以“栽培品、水煮去皮”与“野生品、直接干燥”为核心的区分标准。历代本草对二者功效的认知同步深化,确立“白补赤泻、白收赤散”的理论体系。近现代以来,药典标准历经修订逐渐定型。然21世纪以来,野生资源日渐枯竭、栽培品大量涌现,传统区分格局正面临严峻挑战,由此引发对区分依据的重新审视。
This paper systematically reviews the historical evolution of Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao) and Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishao) from the pre-Qin period to the present, focusing on four key dimensions of medicinal material differentiation, recognition of medicinal effects, pharmacopoeial standards, and resource changes. Initially, the root of Paeonia was used medicinally without distinction between the two forms. The differentiation began to emerge during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and by the Song Dynasty, a distinction standard centered on "cultivated roots processed by boiling and peeling for Baishao" versus "wild roots directly dried for Chishao" had formed. Concurrently, understanding of their therapeutic actions in successive materia medica texts has deepened, establishing the theoretical framework that "Baishao tonifies and astringes, while Chishao purges and disperses." In modern times, pharmacopoeial standards have undergone several revisions and gradually become standardized. However, since the 21st century, the depletion of wild resources and the proliferation of cultivated alternatives have posed serious challenges to this traditional differentiation framework, prompting a critical reassessment of the basis for differentiation.
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黑龙江省卫生健康委员会科研课题(20211313050155)
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U20A20407)
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