仲景辨证体系中的病证与方证

高飞

现代中医临床 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4) : 1 -5.

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现代中医临床 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4) : 1 -5. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-6606.2026.04.001
仲景学说研究

仲景辨证体系中的病证与方证

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Disease patterns and formula patterns in Zhang Zhongjing’s diagnostic and therapeutic framework

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摘要

仲景诊疗范式主要包括病证系统和方证系统。病证系统辨证对象是特定的脉症组合,方证系统是将有关脉症元素与某一适用方剂相对应,二者均从某些脉症组合入手,只是切入角度和辨证目标不同。病证和方证如同经纬线,一纵一横,可以相交,并不等同。无论病证还是方证,均须辨析主证,推求病机。柴胡桂枝干姜汤证病机主要有:少阳传太阴、胆热脾寒、正虚邪结,既可用于外感病,又可用于内伤杂病。并结合临床验案阐述仲景辨证体系中的病证与方证以及强调抓病机的重要性。

Abstract

Zhang Zhongjing’s diagnostic and therapeutic framework primarily encompasses a disease pattern system and a formula pattern system. In the disease pattern system, the object of pattern differentiation is a specific constellation of pulse and symptoms. In the formula pattern system, relevant pulse and symptom elements are correlated with a specific applicable formula. Both approaches begin with certain combinations of pulse and symptoms, differing only in their perspective and diagnostic objective. Clinical syndromes and formula indications are like the meridians and parallels: one runs vertically and the other horizontally; whilst they may intersect, they are not identical. Regardless of whether one employs disease patterns or formula patterns, it is essential to identify the principal pattern and deduce the pathogenesis. The pathogenesis of Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction (Bupleurum, Cinnamon Twig and Dried Ginger Decoction) pattern primarily includes the following: transmission from shaoyang disease to taiyin disease, resulting in gallbladder heat and spleen cold; and healthy qi deficiency with pathogenic stagnation. This formula is applicable to both externally contracted disorders and internally generated miscellaneous diseases. This article, integrating clinical case reports, elucidates the disease patterns and formula patterns within Zhang Zhongjing’s diagnostic and therapeutic framework and underscores the importance of grasping pathogenesis.

关键词

仲景诊疗范式 / 病证 / 方证 / 主证 / 病机 / 少阳病 / 小柴胡汤证 / 柴胡桂枝干姜汤证

Key words

Zhang Zhongjing’s diagnostic and therapeutic paradigm / disease pattern / formula pattern / principal pattern / pathogenesis / shaoyang disease / Xiaochaihu Decoction pattern / Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction pattern

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高飞. 仲景辨证体系中的病证与方证[J]. 现代中医临床, 2026, 33(4): 1-5 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-6606.2026.04.001

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