不同刺激靶点在经颅直流电刺激介导的帕金森病康复中的应用
Application of Different Stimulation Targets in the Rehabilitation of Parkinson's Disease Mediated by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
帕金森病(PD)是临床常见的神经退行性疾病,主要以大量的运动症状和非运动症状为特征。经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)是一种无创性神经调控技术,在改善PD运动迟缓、平衡功能、步态和认知功能等研究中显示出一定的疗效,被认为是一种较有潜力的治疗方式。由于PD症状的多样性及其病理、生理机制的复杂性,可以通过调节多个大脑区域来促进功能恢复,tDCS在PD康复中的应用有多种方案,且目前尚无统一标准。本研究对tDCS在PD康复所使用的刺激靶点进行综述,主要包括M1区、背外侧前额叶区(DLPFC)、小脑和辅助运动皮层区(SMA)等刺激靶点在PD康复中的应用。M1区及左侧DLPFC区是常见的tDCS阳极兴奋性刺激靶点,tDCS治疗时期为开期,刺激强度>1 mA,持续20 min效果较好。tDCS在治疗时既可以单独使用,也可以和康复治疗同时进行。相关研究以单次刺激较多,缺乏多次重复刺激的效应,研究结果差异较大。各研究tDCS参数(靶点、强度、持续时间、次数等)不一致,下一步还需开展针对PD不同症状的标准化tDCS方案研究。
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common clinical neurodegenerative disease with characteristics of numerus motor and non-motor symptoms. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method which is considered as a promising treatment method and has shown clinical efficacies in improving bradykinesia, balance function, gait and cognitive function of PD patients. Functional recovery can be promoted by modulating multiple brain regions due to the diversity of PD symptoms and complexity of its pathophysiological mechanisms. Although there are lots of tDCS treatment protocols, a uniform standard is undefined. In this review, we summarized the stimulation targets used by tDCS in PD rehabilitation, which include primary motor cortex (M1), dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), cerebellum and supplementary motor area (SMA). The M1 region and the left DLPFC region are common targets of anodic excitatory stimulation of tDCS. PD patients could benefit a lot when tDCS treatment was applied at "on" period with a stimulation intensity >1 mA, lasting for 20 min. It can be used alone or in combination with other rehabilitation methods. The research results differed because most studies explored single stimulation effect and there were lack of studies on the effects of repeated stimulation. Moreover, the parameters (targeting area, intensity, duration, frequency, etc.) of tDCS are inconsistent. Future studies on standardized tDCS protocols in treating different symptoms of PD are necessary.
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国家临床重点专科建设项目(Pro20211231084249000238)
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