经皮耳迷走神经电刺激联合任务导向性训练对脑卒中后疲劳患者上肢功能的影响
Effects of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Combined with Task-Oriented Training on Upper Limb Function Recovery in Patients with Post-Stroke Fatigue
目的 探讨经皮耳迷走神经电刺激(taVNS)联合任务导向性训练(TOT)对脑卒中后疲劳(PSF)患者上肢功能的影响。 方法 选取2022年5月—2023年12月在南京医科大学附属逸夫医院康复医学科住院的脑卒中患者60例,按照随机数字表法将其分为实验组和对照组2组,每组30例。2组均进行常规治疗,包括药物治疗、物理治疗、作业治疗、言语吞咽治疗及针灸等;对照组在常规治疗基础上增加TOT,30 min/次,每天1次,5次/周,共4周;实验组在常规治疗基础上增加taVNS和TOT,且二者同时进行,30 min/次,每天1次,5次/周,共4周。taVNS刺激部位为左侧耳甲区,刺激电流强度为患者感受到刺激但不产生疼痛为宜。分别于治疗前及治疗4周后,采用Fugl-Meyer评定量表上肢部分(FMA-UE)和上肢动作研究量表(ARAT)评估患者上肢功能;采用疲劳严重程度量表(FSS)评估患者疲劳严重程度;采用Barthel指数(BI)评估患者日常生活活动能力;采用功能性近红外光谱技术(fNIRS)分析不同脑区的静息态功能连接情况。 结果 治疗前,2组FMA-UE、ARAT评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗后2组FMA-UE和ARAT评分均提高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,治疗后实验组FMA-UE评分提高(P<0.05),ARAT评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前,2组FSS评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗后2组FSS评分降低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,治疗后实验组FSS评分降低(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组BI评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗后2组BI评分升高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,治疗后实验组BI评分升高(P<0.05)。治疗后2组静息态功能连接数值结果显示,与对照组比较,实验组受累侧前运动与辅助运动区(ipSMA)与非受累侧背外侧前额叶(cDLPFC)、腹外侧前额叶(cVLPFC)、同侧眶额皮层(iOFC)的功能连接均增强(P<0.05);与对照组比较,实验组受累侧感觉运动皮层(iSMC)与iOFC的功能连接增强(P<0.05)。 结论 taVNS联合TOT能更好地改善脑卒中后疲劳患者上肢功能,并激活大脑感觉与运动皮层,提高大脑不同脑区的功能连接,促进大脑功能重组。
Objective To investigate the effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) combined with task-oriented training (TOT) on upper limb motor function in patients with post-stroke fatigue (PSF). Methods A total of 60 stroke inpatients hospitalized in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, from May 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled and randomly divided into experimental group and control group using a random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. Both groups received conventional rehabilitation, including pharmacological treatment, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and acupuncture. The control group additionally underwent task-oriented training for 30 minutes per session, once daily, five days a week, for four weeks. The experimental group received the same task-oriented training combined with simultaneous taVNS, targeting the left cymba conchae with a stimulation current perceptible but non-painful, with 30 minutes per session, once a day, 5 days a week, for a total of 4 weeks. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) were used to evaluate the patients' upper limb motor function; the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used to assess the severity of fatigue in patients; the Barthel Index (BI) was used to evaluate patients' activities of daily living; and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was employed to analyze the resting state functional connectivity of different brain regions. Results Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in FMA-UE and ARAT scores between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, both groups showed improvements in FMA-UE and ARAT scores (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed greater improvement in FMA-UE (P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the ARAT score between the two groups (P>0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the FSS score between the two groups (P>0.05). The FSS scores decreased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), with a greater reduction in the experimental group (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the BI score between the two groups (P>0.05). The BI scores increased significantly in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), with the experimental group showing a greater increase (P<0.05). After treatment, the results of resting-state functional connectivity values showed that, compared with the control group, the functional connectivity between the ipsilateral premotor and supplementary motor area (ipSMA) and the contralateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (cDLPFC), contralateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (cVLPFC) and ipsilateral orbitofrontal cortex (iOFC) in the experimental group was enhanced (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the functional connectivity between the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex (iSMC) and iOFC in the experimental group was enhanced (P<0.05). Conclusion taVNS combined with TOT can more effectively improve upper limb function in patients with PSF, and promote functional reorganization of the brain by enhancing activation of sensorimotor cortices and strengthening interregional connectivity.
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2009700)
江苏省重点研发计划重点资助项目(BE2023023-4)
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