脑机接口不同联合模式对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能及日常生活能力影响的Meta分析
孙毓蔚, 彭通, 周央, 陈实, 李毓嘉, 武文平, 乔晋
康复学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (06) : 437 -447.
脑机接口不同联合模式对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能及日常生活能力影响的Meta分析
Effects of Different Combined Modes of Brain-Computer Interface on Upper Limb Motor Function and Activity of Daily Living in Stroke Patients:A Meta-Analysis
目的 系统评价脑机接口(BCI)不同联合模式对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能及日常生活能力的影响。 方法 计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)和中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)中有关BCI治疗脑卒中的随机对照研究(RCTs),检索时限为各数据库建库至2025年9月30日。结局指标包括Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能评定量表(FMA-UE)、手臂动作研究测试(ARAT)、Wolf上肢运动功能测试(WMFT)及改良Barthel指数(MBI)。由2位研究者独立筛选文献、提取数据并评价偏倚风险,采用RevMan 5.3和Stata 17.0软件进行Meta分析。根据BCI的不同联合模式进行亚组分析,比较各联合模式的干预效果。 结果 共纳入38篇文献,包括1 348例患者。① FMA-UE评分:试验组评分高于对照组[MD=0.55,95%CI(0.44,0.67),P<0.000 1];亚组分析显示,BCI联合功能性电刺激(FES)[MD=0.53,95%CI(0.23,0.83),P<0.000 4]和BCI联合上肢机器人[MD=0.52,95%CI(0.35,0.69),P<0.000 1]评分均高于对照组,且2个亚组间疗效差异无统计学意义(P=0.81);BCI联合经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)与对照组差异无统计学意义[MD=-0.15,95%CI(-1.42,1.12),P=0.82]。② ARAT评分:试验组评分高于对照组[MD=0.71,95%CI(0.49,0.92),P<0.000 1]。亚组分析显示,BCI联合FES[MD=1.15,95%CI(0.53,1.77),P=0.000 3]和BCI联合上肢机器人[MD=0.69,95%CI(0.26,1.12),P=0.002]评分均高于对照组,且2个亚组间疗效差异无统计学意义(P=0.23);BCI联合tDCS与对照组差异无统计学意义[MD=0.27,95%CI(-0.59,1.13),P=0.54]。③ WMFT评分:试验组评分高于对照组[MD=0.77,95%CI(0.54,1.00),P<0.000 1]。亚组分析显示,BCI联合FES[MD=0.95,95%CI(0.62,1.27),P<0.000 1]和BCI联合上肢机器人[MD=0.58,95%CI(0.25,0.92),P=0.000 6]评分均高于对照组,且2个亚组间疗效差异无统计学意义(P=0.13)。④ MBI评分:试验组评分高于对照组[MD=0.75,95%CI(0.58,0.91),P<0.000 1]。亚组分析显示,BCI联合FES[MD=1.03,95%CI(0.73,1.33),P<0.000 1]和BCI联合上肢机器人[MD=0.72,95%CI(0.44,1.01),P<0.000 1]评分均高于对照组,且2个亚组间疗效差异无统计学意义(P=0.14)。⑤ 偏倚风险:漏斗图提示FMA-UE和ARAT指标发表偏倚风险较低,MBI指标存在发表偏倚风险。Egger检验均未发现发表偏倚(P>0.05)。 结论 BCI联合FES和BCI联合上肢机器人方案均能显著改善脑卒中患者的上肢运动功能及日常生活能力;而BCI联合tDCS方案改善效果不明确。
Objective Systematic review of brain-computer interface combined intervention modalities on upper limb motor function and activities of daily living in stroke patients. Methods Data were searched and retrieved from the PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,and CBM. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating brain-computer interface in stroke patients,from database inception to September 30,2025. Outcome measures included Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE),Arm Movement Assessment Test (ARAT),Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT),and Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data,and assessed the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 17.0 software. To address specific issues related to particular interventions for specific patients,subgroup analyses were conducted according to predefined different combination models. Results A total of 38 studies comprising 1,348 patients were included. The meta-analysis results showed:①In the FMA-UE,the experimental group showed higher scores than the control group [MD=0.55,95%CI (0.44,0.67),P0.0001]. Subgroup analyses revealed:BCI-FES[MD=0.55,95%CI(0.34,0.76),P<0.0001]; BCI-robotics[MD=0.52,95%CI(0.35,0.69),P<0.0001]; the scores were all higher than those of the control group,and the difference in efficacy between the two subgroups was not statistically significant (P=0.81); BCI-tDCS [MD= -0.15,95%CI(-1.42,1.12),P=0.82]. ②In the ARAT,the experimental group showed higher scores than the control group. [MD=0.71,95%CI(0.49,0.92),P0.0001]. Subgroup analyses revealed:BCI-FES[MD=1.15,95%CI(0.53,1.77),P=0.0003]; BCI-robotics[MD=0.69,95%CI(0.26,1.12),P=0.002] ; the scores were all higher than those of the control group,and the difference in efficacy between the two subgroups was not statistically significant (P=0.23).; BCI-tDCS [MD=0.27,95%CI(-0.59,1.13),P=0.54]. ③ In the WMFT,the experimental group showed higher scores than the control group after BCI treatment. [MD=0.77,95%CI(0.54,1.00),P0.0001]. Subgroup analyses revealed:BCI-FES[MD=0.95,95%CI(0.62,1.27),P0.0001]; BCI-robotics[MD=0.58,95%CI(0.25,0.92),P=0.0006] ; the scores were all higher than those of the control group,and the difference in efficacy between the two subgroups was not statistically significant (P=0.13). ④ In the MBI,the experimental group showed higher scores than the control group after BCI treatment. [MD=0.75,95%CI(0.58,0.91),P0.0001]. Subgroup analyses revealed:BCI-FES[MD=1.03,95%CI(0.73,1.33),P0.0001]; BCI-robotics[MD=0.72,95%CI(0.44,1.01),P0.0001] ; the scores were all higher than those of the control group,and the difference in efficacy between the two subgroups was not statistically significant (P=0.14). Conclusion Both the BCI combined with FES and the BCI combined with robotic therapy significantly improved upper limb motor function and activities of daily living in stroke patients; however,the effectiveness of the BCI combined with tDCS regimen in improving the above outcomes remains unclear.
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