高压氧联合治疗在脑卒中后认知障碍康复中的应用
Application of Hyperbaric Oxygen Combination Therapy in Rehabilitation of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment
脑卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)是脑卒中最常见的后遗症之一,对患者功能独立性、社会参与能力和生活质量产生较大影响。呼吸纯氧或高浓度氧的高压氧(HBO)疗法具有神经保护作用,对改善认知功能具有较好的疗效。本研究归纳总结HBO治疗PSCI的主要机制、治疗方案选择、联合治疗应用以及可能的不良反应,旨在为HBO治疗脑卒中后认知障碍提供参考。① 主要机制:HBO通过恢复氧供减小缺血区体积,减轻紧密连接损伤维持血脑屏障完整性,调节氧化-抗氧化体系减轻氧化应激损伤,调节凋亡-防御体系抑制细胞死亡,调节缺氧诱导因子-1α及神经营养因子促进神经血管发生,竞争性内源性RNA减轻神经炎症。② 治疗方案选择:常规压力可选择2.5、2、3个绝对大气压(ATA),1~1.5 h/次;缺血性脑卒中(IS)急性期可选择2 ATA,1 h/次,60~70次,IS慢性期可选择2 ATA,1.5 h/次,40~60次;出血性脑卒中(HS)急性期可选择2~2.5 ATA,1 h/次,10~30次;HS慢性期可选择2 ATA,1.5 h/次,40~60次。③ 联合治疗应用情况:HBO联合重复经颅磁刺激、经颅直流电刺激、针灸、小脑顶核电刺激、音乐疗法、计算机化认知训练、有氧运动和药物。④ 不良反应:与治疗参数有关,压力≤3 ATA几乎无不良反应发生,常规参数下可能发生耳部不适,过高压力(>5 ATA)则可能导致躁动或癫痫。
Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is one of the most common sequelae of stroke, which severely compromises patients' functional independence, social participation and quality of life. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, which delivers pure oxygen or high-concentration oxygen via inhalation, exerts neuroprotective effects and has been proven effective in improving cognitive function. This narrative review summarizes the core mechanisms, treatment regimen selection, combined therapy applications, and potential adverse reactions of HBO therapy for PSCI, aiming to provide references for the clinical management of HBO therapy for PSCI. (1) Core mechanisms: HBO therapy reduces ischemic lesion volume by restoring oxygen supply to ischemic brain tissue, alleviates tight junction injury to maintain blood-brain barrier integrity, regulates oxidation-antioxidation balance to reduce oxidative stress, modulates the cell apoptosis-defense axis to prevent cell death, upregulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and neurotrophic factors to promote neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and attenuates neuroinflammation the action of competitive endogenous RNAs. (2) Treatment regimen selection: standard therapeutic pressure is commonly set to 2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA), with a single session duration ranging from 1 to 1.5 hours. For the acute phase of ischemic stroke (IS), the recommended regimen is 2.0 ATA for one hour per session, for a total of 60 to 70 sessions; for the chronic phase of IS, the recommended regimen is 2.0 ATA for 1.5 hour per session, for a total of 40 to 60 sessions. For the acute phase of hemorrhagic stroke (HS), the recommended regimen is 2.0 to 2.5 ATA for one hour per session, for a total of 10 to 30 sessions; for the chronic phase of HS, the recommended regimen is 2.0 ATA for 1.5 hour per session, for a total of 40 to 60 sessions. (3) Applications of HBO combination therapy: HBO can be combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, acupuncture, cerebellar fastigial nucleus electrical stimulation, music therapy, computerized cognitive training, aerobic exercise, and pharmacological interventions to synergize therapeutic effects. (4) Adverse reactions: the incidence of adverse reactions correlates with treatment parameters. Adverse reactions are rare when therapeutic pressure is maintained at ≤3 ATA. Under standard therapeutic parameters, mild adverse events such as ear discomfort are occasionally reported; pressure exceeding 5 ATA may trigger severe adverse events including agitation and seizure.
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国家科技重大专项(2024ZD0528000)
国家科技重大专项(2024ZD0528001)
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