合理蹲苗对北疆甜菜产量及含糖率的调控机制与技术优化

Regulation Mechanism and Technical Optimization of Rational Drought Stress on Sugar Beet Yield and Sugar Content in Northern Xinjiang

摘要

为破解我区北疆甜菜主产区因春寒期长、气候波动大导致的丰产高糖瓶颈，明确适配北疆产区的甜菜苗期蹲苗技术参数。以苗期合理蹲苗为核心调控措施，开展2024—2025年，2年多点田间定位试验，结合生理生化检测及³²P同位素示踪技术，系统解析合理蹲苗的调控机制。结果显示：①合理蹲苗（一对真叶至灌头水前10~15 d）可调控土壤水热环境，抑制叶丛氮代谢过旺，使根冠比提升27.3%；②蹲苗处理块根产量较常规早灌提升12.0%~19.1%，含糖率提高0.2~1.0个百分点，差异显著（P <0.05）；③³²P示踪显示，蹲苗植株块根养分分配率高10.48个百分点，脉冲数提升33.3%；④蹲苗与深中耕协同使土壤通气性提升23.5%，块根膨大速率提高18.7%。本文探究合理蹲苗的生理代谢调控路径，优化北疆甜菜苗期管理技术方案，为产区甜菜优质高产栽培提供理论依据与实操指导。

Abstract

To address the yield and sugar content constraints in northern Xinjiang's major beet production areas caused by prolonged spring cold spells and significant climate fluctuations，this study established optimal technical parameters for seedling dormancy adaptation in northern Xinjiang．Focusing on rational dormancy management during the seedling stage，a two-year field positioning experiment（2024—2025）was conducted across multiple sites．Integrated physiological/biochemical monitoring and ³²P isotope tracing techniques were employed to systematically analyze dormancy regulation mechanisms． Results demonstrated：①Rational dormancy initiation（10~15 days before first true leaf emergence and irrigation）effectively modulated soil hydrothermal conditions，suppressed excessive nitrogen metabolism in leaf clusters，and increased root/crown ratio by 27.3%；②Dormant treatment enhanced tuber yield by 12.0~19.1% compared to conventional early irrigation，with sugar content improving by 0.2~1.0 percentage points（P <0.05）；③³²P tracing revealed 10.48 percentage points higher nutrient allocation efficiency in dormant plants and 33.3% increased pulse counts；④Synergistic application of dormancy treatment and deep intertillage improved soil aeration by 23.5% and tuber swelling rate by 18.7%．This study elucidates physiological metabolic regulation pathways for rational dormancy management，optimizes seedling-stage cultivation techniques for northern Xinjiang beet production，and provides theoretical foundations and practical guidance for high-quality，high-yield cultivation in production areas．

关键词

北疆甜菜 / 合理蹲苗 / 产量形成 / 含糖率 / 氮碳代谢 / 养分分配 / 同位素示踪

Key words

northern sugar beets / rational drought-stressing / yield formation / sugar content / nitrogen-carbon metabolism / nutrient allocation / isotope tracing

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基金资助

师市项目“国产自育甜菜品种栽培技术研究与示范”(2025NY04)

国家项目“国家糖料产业技术体系石河子综合试验站”(CARS-170722)