中国啤酒花种质资源与育种研究

Research on Chinese Humulus lupulus L. Germplasm Resources and Breeding

摘要

啤酒花（Humulus lupulus L. ）是决定啤酒风味、泡沫与稳定性的核心原料，被誉为“啤酒的灵魂”。我国虽是啤酒花生产与消费大国，却长期面临主栽品种单一、遗传背景狭窄及特色香型品种匮乏等挑战。本文系统阐述我国啤酒花种质资源，特别是新疆等地野生资源的收集、保存与遗传多样性评价进展，挖掘其独特的育种潜力，梳理从引种驯化到自主创新的育种历程，总结传统杂交与现代生物技术相结合的育种策略及其成就。在此基础上，深入剖析产业在品种结构、科研投入与产业链协同方面的关键问题，最终提出应通过强化种质创新、推动育种技术精准化、选育特色品种及构建产学研一体化体系等策略，构建兼具自主知识产权与中国风土特色的现代啤酒花品种体系，助力我国从啤酒花生产大国向强国转型。

Abstract

Hop（Humulus lupulus L. ）is the core raw material determining beer's flavor，foam，and stability，revered as the“soul of beer.”Although China is a major producer and consumer of hops，it has long faced challenges such as a limited range of main cultivars，a narrow genetic background，and a scarcity of characteristic aroma varieties．This paper systematically reviews the advances in the collection，conservation，and genetic diversity evaluation of hop germplasm resources in China，particularly the wild resources from Xinjiang and other regions，revealing their unique breeding potential．Concurrently，the article outlines the breeding journey from introduction and domestication to independent innovation，summarizing breeding strategies and achievements that integrate conventional hybridization with modern biotechnology．Furthermore，it provides an in-depth analysis of key issues within the industry concerning varietal structure，scientific research investment，and industrial chain coordination．Finally，strategies are proposed to construct a modern hop variety system with independent intellectual property rights and Chinese regional characteristics by strengthening germplasm innovation，promoting precision breeding technologies，selecting characteristic varieties，and establishing an integrated industry-academia-research system．These efforts aim to facilitate China's transition from a large hop-producing country to a powerful one in the hop industry．

关键词

啤酒花 / 种质资源 / 品种选育 / 遗传多样性 / 野生资源

Key words

hop / germplasm resources / variety breeding / genetic diversity / wild resources

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基金资助

新疆农垦科学院农业创新工程项目—啤酒花种质资源收集、评价与高效利用(NCG202606)