西宁地区近地面层与500 hPa气温变化特征及相互关系研究

Study on the Characteristics and Interrelationships of Temperature Variations in the Near-Surface Layer and at 500 hPa in the Xining Region

摘要

本文利用西宁地区2013—2023年08时和20时的地面层及500 hPa等压面月平均气温观测资料，运用气候倾向率、累积距平和Pearson相关性分析等方法，系统研究该地区近地面与对流层低层气温的变化趋势及其相互关系。结果表明，近11a来，地面层与500 hPa气温均呈上升趋势，其中地面层增温速率（08时为1.21 ℃·（10a）-1，20时为0.81 ℃·（10a）^-1）显著高于500 hPa（08时为0.08 ℃·（10a）^-1，20时为0.17 ℃·（10a）^-1）。2个层次的气温年际变化高度正相关（08时r=0.971，20时r=0.961，P<0.01）。季节变化上，地面层气温四季均增暖，冬季增温最显著；500 hPa增温则主要集中在秋季。不同季节的相关性存在差异，08时夏季相关性最强（r=0.831），20时春季相关性最强（r=0.857）。月尺度上，相关性在夏秋季节普遍较高，而冬季（尤其08时）因辐射逆温影响，相关性较弱。本研究揭示西宁地区独特的高原地形下，近地面与低层大气热力耦合的时空特征，可为区域气候研究及气象业务中的数据质量控制与插补提供科学依据。

Abstract

Using monthly average temperature observation data from the surface layer and the 500 hPa isobaric surface in Xining from 08:00 and 20:00 of 2013—2023，this study systematically investigated the temperature trends and interrelationships between the near-surface and lower troposphere in the region．Methods such as climate trend rate，cumulative anomaly，and Pearson correlation analysis were employed．The results show that over the past 11 years，air temperatures at both the surface layer and 500 hPa have shown an upward trend，with the surface layer warming rate （1.21 ℃·（10a）-1at 08:00 and 0.81 ℃·（10a）^-1 at 20:00）significantly higher than that at 500 hPa （0.08 ℃·（10a）^-1 at 08∶00 and 0．17 ℃·（10a）^-1 at 20:00）．The interannual variations of temperature at both levels showed a high positive correlation （r=0.971 at 08:00 and r=0.961 at 20:00，P<0.01）．Seasonally，surface layer temperatures warmed in all four seasons，with the most significant increase in winter，while 500 hPa warming was primarily concentrated in autumn．Seasonal correlations varied，with the strongest correlation at 08:00 in summer（r=0.831）and at 20:00 in spring （r=0.857）．On a monthly scale，correlations were generally higher in summer and autumn，while winter（especially at 08:00）exhibited weaker correlations due to the influence of radiative temperature inversion．This study reveals the spatiotemporal characteristics of thermal coupling between the near-surface and lower troposphere under the unique plateau terrain of the Xining region，providing a scientific basis for regional climate research and data quality control and interpolation in meteorological operations．

关键词

西宁 / 气温变化 / 500 hPa / 相关性分析 / 高原气候

Key words

Xining / temperature variation / 500 hPa / correlation analysis / plateau climate

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基金资助

西宁地区近地面层气温与高空温度的影响(XNMS2024-02)