乳用型新疆褐牛遗传改良效果评估与分析

Evaluation and Analysis of Genetic Improvement Effects in Dairy-Type Xinjiang Brown Cattle

摘要

本研究以新疆伊犁州乳用型新疆褐牛为对象，通过描述性统计、一般线性模型及趋势分析，探究测定年份、产犊年份、产犊季节和胎次对奶牛群体遗传改良（Dairy Herd Improvement，简称DHI）指标的影响及遗传改良效果。结果表明，产犊年份对牛的生产指标影响明显，乳脂率、总固体含量等多项指标逐年降低，乳蛋白率亦呈下降态势；产犊季节对乳脂率等指标无显著影响，但305 d产奶量季节差异显著；胎次方面，体细胞数及评分随胎次递增，305 d产奶量前三胎上升、第三胎达峰值后下降，此阶段改良效果最突出。该研究为新疆褐牛养殖科学化管理提供理论依据，对提升品种质量、优化生产效率和提高经济效益具有实践指导意义。

Abstract

This study focused on the dairy-type Xinjiang brown cattle in Yili Prefecture of Xinjiang．Through descriptive statistics，general linear models and trend analysis，which explored the effects of the year of measurement，calving year，calving season and parity on the genetic improvement（Dairy Herd Improvement，abbreviated as DHI）indicators of the dairy cow population and the genetic improvement effect．The calving year had a significant impact on the production indicators of the cows，with the milk fat rate，total solid content and other indicators decreasing year by year，and the milk protein rate also showed a downward trend；the calving season had no significant effect on the milk fat rate and other indicators，but the seasonal differences in 305-day milk yield were significant；in terms of parity，the somatic cell count and score increased with parity，and the 305-day milk yield increased in the first three calvings and then decreased after the third calving，which was the most prominent improvement stage．This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific management of Xinjiang brown cattle breeding and has practical guiding significance for improving the quality of the breed，optimizing production efficiency and increasing economic benefits．

关键词

新疆褐牛 / DHI / 遗传改良

Key words

Xinjiang Brown Cattle / DHI / genetic improvement

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基金资助

新疆维吾尔自治区现代畜禽种业提升计划地州级畜牧技术推广部门项目