新疆夏洛莱牛与哈萨克牛杂交后生产性能提升及关键指标差异研究

Study on the Improvement of Production Performance and Differences in Key Indicators of Crossbred Offspring of Xinjiang Charolais and Kazakh Cattle

摘要

本试验旨在探究新疆夏洛莱牛与哈萨克牛杂交后代对体重、体高、体长、胸围和管围等5大重要生长性状的影响。每组各选择50只身体健康的犊牛作为研究对象，分别在0.5月龄、2月龄、3月龄、4月龄、5月龄、6月龄、7月龄和8月龄时采集体重、体高、体长、胸围和管围数据。结果表明，与夏洛莱牛相比，新疆夏洛莱牛与哈萨克牛杂交后代可显著提升各阶段体重（P <0.05），早期体重大，后期增长速度快。杂交后代可显著提升体高、体长、胸围和管围（P <0.05），但体高、体长、胸围等均呈现早期生长发育较快，后期增长较为缓慢等现象，而管围在各个生长阶段增长速度比较均衡，是体重增长较快的主要影响因素。综上所述，新疆夏洛莱牛与哈萨克牛杂交后代充分利用杂种优势，显著改善了本地品种夏洛莱牛的生长性能，为后续的遗传改良和品种选育工作提供新的方向。

Abstract

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of the hybrid offspring of Xinjiang Charolais cattle and Kazakh cattle on five major important growth traits，including body weight，body height，body length，chest circumference，and girth． Fifty healthy calves from each group were selected as the research subjects．Data on body weight，body height，body length，chest circumference，and girth were collected at 0.5 months，2 months，3 months，4 months，5 months，6 months，7 months，and 8 months of age．The results showed that compared with the Charolais cattle，the hybrid offspring of Xinjiang Charolais cattle and Kazakh cattle could significantly increase body weight at all stages（P <0.05），with higher body weight in the early stage and faster growth in the later stage．The hybrid offspring could significantly increase body height，body length，chest circumference，and girth（P <0.05），but body height，body length，chest circumference，etc．showed that they grew faster in the early stage and slower in the later stage，while girth showed a relatively balanced growth rate in each growth stage，and was the main influencing factor for faster weight gain．In conclusion，the hybrid offspring of Xinjiang Charolais cattle and Kazakh cattle fully utilized the hybrid advantages，significantly improved the growth performance of the local breed Charolais cattle，and provided a new direction for subsequent genetic improvement and variety selection work．

关键词

新疆夏洛莱牛 / 哈萨克牛 / 杂交后代 / 生产性能提升

Key words

Xinjiang Charolais Cattle / Kazakh cattle / hybrid offspring / improvement of production performance

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基金资助

新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关项目—基因分析技术在塔额垦区夏洛莱肉牛种质资源中的利用研究(2021AB013)