夏玉米吐丝和结实对播期的响应

The Impact of Silk Emergence and Pod Formation on the Sowing Period of Summer Maize

摘要

本文通过探究夏玉米吐丝随播期和结实随播期、吐丝日变化的自身规律，为确定最佳播种期提供依据。供试品种包括MY73、蠡玉16、庐玉9105和金子弹1号、汉单777、郑单958，共6个品种。设置6月10日、6月15日、6月19日、6月25日、6月30日及7月8日共6个播期。自试验区第一株玉米吐丝开始，至最后一株玉米吐丝止，每天晨挂牌标记当日吐丝果穗。成熟时按处理收回标记果穗，按吐丝日分别装袋、考种、脱粒、计产。结果表明：①随播期推迟，始丝日、终丝日、吐丝期延后，播种至吐丝的间隔（丝前）缩短；吐丝频率呈前多后少的单峰曲线偏态分布，可用三次多项式拟合。②随播期推迟，穗行数、穗粒数趋于减少。③随吐丝日后延，穗长缩短，穗行数、穗粒数、结实密度和穗粒重趋于减少。结论：随播期、吐丝日推迟，夏玉米单株生产性能降低，黄淮海夏玉米宜6月中旬高质量播种。

Abstract

To understand the inherent patterns of silk emergence and seed set in summer maize as they vary with the planting period，Determine the optimal sowing period to enhance individual plant productivity．The test varieties included MY73，Liyu 16，Luyu 9105，Jindan 1，Handan 777，and Zhengdan 958，there are a total of 6 varieties．The sowing dates set are June 10th，June 15th，June 19th，June 25th，June 30th and July 8th，totaling 6 sowing periods．From the first ear of corn silk emerging in the experimental area to the last ear of corn silk emerging，each day's silk-producing ear was marked and labeled．Upon maturity，the marked ears were collected according to the day of silk emergence，bagged，evaluated，threshed，and production data was recorded．The results show that：①As the sowing period was delayed，the initiation day，completion day，and silking period receded，and the pre-silking period shortened．The silking frequency exhibited a skewed distribution with a single peak curve，with more occurrences earlier and fewer later，which could be fitted using a third-order polynomial．②As the sowing period advanced，the number of rows and the number of grains per row tended to decrease．③With the delay in silking，the length of the spike shortened，and the number of rows，grains per row，seed set density，and grain weight of the spike tended to decrease．Conclusion：Due to delays in the sowing period and the onset of silk production，the production performance of individual plants of summer maize has decreased．Summer maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai region should be sown with high quality in mid-June．

关键词

夏玉米 / 吐丝 / 结实 / 播期

Key words

summer maize / silk emergence / seed set / sowing period

参考文献

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基金资助

国家现代农业产业园子课题—小麦-玉米吨半粮高产稳产技术集成示范(202358)