伊犁河盆地东南部绿洲不同土地利用方式下的土壤肥力特征及其影响因素

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Soil Fertility under Different Land Use Patterns in the Southeastern Oasis of the Ili River Basin

摘要

为探究土地利用方式对干旱区绿洲土壤肥力的影响，本研究以新疆伊犁河盆地东南部绿洲的林地、草地、耕地与裸地为对象，采用内梅罗指数法对其土壤肥力进行综合评价。结果显示，研究区土壤整体呈弱碱性，有机质与碱解氮普遍缺乏，成为关键肥力限制因子。且不同土地利用方式呈现出差异化的养分利用与限制模式，其中，裸地以速效钾和有效磷含量较高、养分结构相对均衡为特征；耕地表现为人为施肥驱动的磷素和碱解氮优势供给模式；草地以有机质和全氮高积累为主，但受有效磷不足制约；林地则表现为氮、磷双重匮乏的低肥力模式。研究表明，土地利用方式通过改变养分循环主导土壤肥力格局，通过内梅罗指数法能有效识别关键限制因子。建议通过增施有机肥、草地针对性补磷及优化养分管理等措施，提升区域土壤综合肥力。

Abstract

To investigate the effects of land use patterns on soil fertility in arid oasis regions, this study evaluated the soil fertility of woodland, grassland, cropland, and bare land in the southeastern oasis of the Ili River Basin, Xinjiang, using the Nemerow index method. The results show that the soils in the study area are generally weakly alkaline, with widespread deficiencies in organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, which are key limiting factors for fertility. Different land use patterns exhibited distinct nutrient utilization and limitation profiles. Bare land was characterized by relatively high levels of available potassium and available phosphorus, along with a relatively balanced nutrient structure. Cultivated land demonstrated a fertilization-driven pattern with dominant supply of phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen. Grassland was marked by high accumulation of organic matter and total nitrogen but was constrained by available phosphorus deficiency. Forest land showed a low-fertility pattern characterized by dual deficiencies in nitrogen and phosphorus. The study indicates that land use patterns govern the spatial distribution of soil fertility by altering nutrient cycling, and the Nemerow index method can effectively identify key limiting factors. Measures such as increasing organic fertilizer application, targeted phosphorus supplementation for grasslands, and optimizing nutrient management are recommended to enhance the overall soil fertility in the region.

关键词

伊犁河盆地 / 土地利用类型 / 土壤肥力评价 / 内梅罗指数

Key words

Ili River Basin / land use type / soil fertility evaluation / Nemerow index

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基金资助

新疆维吾尔自治区第三批“天池英才”引进计划青年博士基金(2025QNBS011)

伊犁师范大学校级科研项目—干旱区土地利用驱动的土壤粒度与养分耦合机制及生态调控过程研究(2025YSYB005)