乌兹别克斯坦与中国棉田害虫及其捕食性天敌群落结构与种群动态研究

Community Structure and Population Dynamics of Insect Pests and Their Predatory Natural Enemies in Cotton Fields of Uzbekistan and China

摘要

为明确乌兹别克斯坦塔什干与中国新疆棉田害虫及其天敌的种群动态及群落结构差异。本研究在塔什干萨科尔（Sarkor）农场与新疆昌吉棉田采用五点取样法开展定点定期调查，分析两地害虫与捕食性天敌的发生数量、优势种、多样性指数及种群动态特征。结果表明：新疆棉田害虫总量（2 655.60±641.33头）为塔什干（798.80±44.87头）的3.32倍，新疆天敌总量（71.72±12.80头）为塔什干（9.40±2.95头）的7.63倍。两地共有害虫优势种为棉蚜、棉叶螨和棉蓟马，盲蝽仅在新疆发生。塔什干害虫香农威尔（Shannon-Wiener）多样性指数（1.13±0.02）显著高于新疆（0.49±0.23），群落稳定性更强。新疆棉田害虫高峰期出现在6月下旬（1 070.32±316.27头），塔什干则在6月初（294.30±5.37头），且两地区天敌种群动态均对害虫呈现“跟随效应”。结论：塔什干棉田群落结构更稳定，新疆棉田害虫与天敌种群密度更高，推广植棉技术时需结合当地生态特征，强化天敌的生态调控作用，推动绿色防控策略的实施。

Abstract

The present study aimed to elucidate the population dynamics and community structures of pests and predatory natural enemies in cotton fields located in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and Xinjiang, China. Surveys were conducted utilizing the five-point sampling method in the cotton fields of Sarkor Farm and Xinjiang Changji. The abundance, dominant species, diversity indices, and population dynamics of pests and predatory natural enemies were analyzed and compared between both regions. The results showed that: The total pests population in Xinjiang cotton fields (2 655.60±641.33) was 3.32 times that of Tashkent (798.80±44.87). Moreover, the total population of natural enemies in Xinjiang (71.72±12.80) was 7.63 times that of Tashkent (9.40±2.95). The dominant pest species shared by both regions included aphids, spider mites, and thrips, while the mirid bug was exclusive to Xinjiang. The Shannon diversity index for pests in Tashkent (1.13±0.02) was significantly higher than that in Xinjiang (0.49±0.23), indicating a more stable community structure in Tashkent. The peak occurrence of pests in Xinjiang occurred in late June (1 070.32±316.27), whereas in Tashkent, it occurred in early June (294.30±5.37). Natural enemies displayed a “following effect” in response to pest populations. Conclusion: the community structure of cotton fields in Tashkent is more stable, while Xinjiang exhibits higher population densities. Consequently, the local ecological characteristics should be taken into account when our cotton planting technologies are introduced, enhance the regulation of natural enemies, and green pest control methods should be advocated.

关键词

塔什干 / 新疆 / 多样性指数 / 生态调控

Key words

Tashkent / Xinjiang / diversity index / ecological regulation

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基金资助

新疆生产建设兵团科技合作项目(2024BA003)