不同干燥方法对不同成熟度甜瓜切片品质的影响

The Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Quality of Melon Slices with Different Maturity Levels

摘要

为减少甜瓜长途运输损耗、提升残次品瓜利用效率，本试验以厚皮甜瓜“天都银蜜”为材料，采用热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥两种方式处理不同成熟度的甜瓜。通过测定瓜干制干率、复水率等指标，结合外观颜色等感官品质评估，探究两种干燥方法对不同成熟度甜瓜切片品质的影响，为南疆甜瓜瓜干加工技术的优化提供参考。结果表明：同一成熟度下，真空冷冻干燥的瓜干在复水率、外观等多项指标上均优于热风干燥处理，而热风干燥瓜干的多项感官指标表现欠佳；真空冷冻干燥处理的不同成熟度瓜干，部分感官指标基本一致，且随成熟度提高，总糖含量增加、总酸含量降低。其中，六成熟甜瓜加工的瓜干多项指标最优，维生素C含量达1.63 mg·g^-1。因此，建议“天都银蜜”瓜干加工采用真空冷冻干燥方式制作切片。

Abstract

To minimize transportation losses during long-distance transport of melons and improve the utilization efficiency of defective melons，this study employed the thick-skinned melon “Tiandu Yinmi” as the material and employed both hot-air drying and vacuum freeze-drying methods to process melons of varying ripeness levels．By measuring indicators such as the drying rate and rehydration rate of dried melons，combined with sensory quality assessments including appearance color，the study investigated the effects of the two drying methods on the slice quality of melons at different ripeness levels，providing references for optimizing melon drying processing techniques in southern Xinjiang．The results demonstrated that at the same ripeness level，vacuum freeze-dried dried melons outperformed hot-air dried samples in multiple indicators，including rehydration rate and appearance，whereas hot-air dried dried melons exhibited inferior sensory characteristics．For dried melons of different ripeness levels processed by vacuum freeze-drying，several sensory indicators were largely consistent，with increasing total sugar content and decreasing total acid content as ripeness advanced．Notably，dried melons processed from 60% ripe melons exhibited the optimal performance，with a vitamin C content of 1.63 mg·g^-1．Therefore，it is recommended that vacuum freeze-drying be employed for slice production of“Tiandu Yinmi”dried melons．

关键词

热风干燥 / 真空冷冻干燥 / 复水率 / 瓜干品质 / 制干率

Key words

hot air drying / vacuum freeze-drying / rehydration rate / dried melon quality / drying yield

参考文献

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基金资助

第三师伽师总场西甜瓜科技特派服务创新创业示范(2024CC010)