不同微贮剂对伊犁河谷地区小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆微贮的影响
杨劲松 , 赛迪阿合买提·吾买尔江 , 李建国 , 法茹孜·吐尔洪 , 范坤江 , 何立雄
绿洲农业科学与工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (03) : 116 -121.
不同微贮剂对伊犁河谷地区小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆微贮的影响
Effects of Different Microbial Inoculants on the Micro-silage of Wheat Straw and Corn Straw in the Yili River Valley
为评价不同商品化微生物发酵菌剂对伊犁河谷地区小麦秸秆和玉米秸秆的微贮效果,为当地秸秆饲料化资源高效利用提供理论依据与技术参考,以该区域小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆为原料,分别搭配甜菜丝、苹果渣作为发酵辅料,选用3种菌剂(新疆沃润牧田复合菌剂、成都与康植物乳杆菌单一菌剂、石河子市动科畜牧复合菌剂)设置6个试验组,采用裹包微贮方式发酵60 d后,测定各组微贮饲料的营养成分及发酵品质指标。结果表明:(1)小麦秸秆微贮中,新疆沃润牧田组(MN)与石河子动科组(MS)粗蛋白含量显著高于成都与康组(MC)(P<0.05),最高达5.16%;MC组粗脂肪含量(2.17%)及乳酸含量(6.34 mmol·L-1)显著最优,MS组可溶性碳水化合物含量(2.25%)最高。(2)玉米秸秆微贮中,石河子动科组(YS)粗蛋白含量(7.87%)最高且木质素含量(6.24%)最低;成都与康组(YC)中性洗涤纤维含量(60.09%)最低显著低于其他组及可溶性碳水化合物含量(3.67%)显著优于其他组;新疆沃润牧田组(YN)pH值(2.27)最低且乳酸含量(4.17 mmol·L-1)最高。不同微贮剂对秸秆微贮效果的影响存在显著差异,且与发酵底物特性存在明显适配性——玉米秸秆微贮优先选择石河子市动科畜牧复合菌剂,小麦秸秆微贮可选用新疆沃润牧田或石河子市动科畜牧复合菌剂。
To evaluate the micro-silage effects of different commercial microbial fermentation agents on wheat straw and corn straw in the Yili River Valley,and to provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the efficient utilization of local straw resources as feed,wheat straw and corn straw from this region were used as raw materials,with beet shreds and apple pomace as fermentation auxiliary materials respectively.Three microbial agents(Xinjiang Worunmutian compound microbial agent,Chengdu Yukang Lactobacillus plantarum single microbial agent,Shihezi Animal Science and Animal Husbandry compound microbial agent)were selected to set up 6 experimental groups.After 60 days of fermentation by bale micro-silage method,the nutritional components and fermentation quality indicators of micro-silage feed in each group were determined.The results showed that:(1)In wheat straw micro-silage,the crude protein content of Xinjiang Worunmutian group(MN)and Shihezi Animal Science group(MS)was significantly higher than that of Chengdu Yukang group(MC)(P<0.05),peaking at 5.16%;MC group had the significantly optimal crude fat content(2.17%)and lactic acid content(6.34 mmol·L-1),while MS group had the highest soluble carbohydrate content(2.25%).(2)In corn straw micro-silage,Shihezi Animal Science group(YS)had the highest crude protein content(7.87%)and the lowest lignin content(6.24%);Chengdu Yukang group(YC)had the lowest neutral detergent fiber content(60.09 %),which was significantly lower than that of the other groups. Meanwhile,the soluble carbohydrate content (3.67%) in this group was significantly higher than that of the other groups;Xinjiang Worunmutian group(YN)had the lowest pH value(2.27)and the highest lactic acid content(4.17 mmol·L-1).Different microbial silage additives have significant differences in their effects on straw micro-silage quality,and exhibit obvious adaptability to the characteristics of fermentation substrates.Specifically,Shihezi Animal Science and Animal Husbandry compound microbial agent is preferred for corn straw micro-silage,while Xinjiang Worunmutian or Shihezi Animal Science and Animal Husbandry compound microbial agent can be used for wheat straw micro-silage.
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