丘陵山区玉米机械化生产与传统人工种植成本对比分析——以贵州省部分县区为例

By Taking some Counties in Guizhou Province as Examples，Cost Comparison between Corn Production about Mechanized and Traditional Manual Cultivation in Hilly and Mountainous Areas

摘要

为探究丘陵山区玉米生产全过程中机械化生产较传统人工种植的省工降本效果，本文选取贵州省部分县区开展玉米机械化生产与传统人工种植的成本对比试验。通过对两类种植模式的成本分析，得出以下结论：一是在玉米“耕、种、管、收”全流程中，机械化生产较传统人工种植每公顷节约成本6 090元以上、减少用工41.5个以上；二是传统人工种植各环节日均作业量仅0.07～0.13 hm²，而机械化作业日均可达1.33 hm²以上，作业效率大幅提升，单位时间作业量显著增加。

Abstract

To investigate the labor-saving and cost-reduction benefits of mechanized corn production compared to traditional manual cultivation throughout the entire production process in hilly and mountainous regions，this study conducted a cost comparison experiment between mechanized and conventional corn farming practices in selected counties of Guizhou Province．Analysis of costs for both methods yielded the following conclusions：First，across the complete corn production cycle—including tillage，planting，management，and harvesting—mechanized production reduces costs by over ¥6,090 per hectare and eliminates the need for more than 41.5 workers compared to traditional methods．Second，while traditional manual cultivation involves an average daily operation area of only 0.07～0.13 hectares per stage，mechanized operations achieve an average daily area exceeding 1.33 hectares，demonstrating significantly improved operational efficiency and substantially higher output per unit time．

关键词

玉米 / 机械化生产 / 传统人工种植 / 成本

Key words

corn / mechanized production / traditional manual planting / cost

参考文献

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基金资助

贵州省山地智能农机全省重点实验室建设项目(黔科合平台〔2025〕013)