The cracking heat transfer process of hydrocarbon fuel in the cooling channel of the combustion chamber wall is a key issue in engine regenerative cooling technology. Currently, there is limited experimental research on the coupling mechanism of n-decane cracking and heat transfer under supercritical pressure in rectangular tubes. This study constructs an experimental apparatus for the heat transfer of n-decane pyrolysis at supercritical pressure. During the experiment, the n-decane in the SS304 stainless steel tube is heated to the desired outlet temperature through two stages of alternating current heating. The mass flow rate at the inlet varies by adjusting the setting of the constant flow pump. Different system pressures inside the heating tube are achieved by adjusting the back pressure valve. First, the effects of flow rate, temperature, and operating pressure on the heat transfer characteristics of n-decane cracking in a rectangular tube are investigated. Second, the sensitivity analysis method is applied to evaluate the degree of influence of flow rate and operating pressure on the conversion rate and gas production rate. The research results indicated that the gas yield and conversion of n-decane decrease with an increase in mass flow rate at the same outlet temperature. When the outlet temperature ranges from 823 to 923 K, the gas yield and conversion initially increase slowly, then increase significantly, and finally exhibit a reduced rate of increase. At the same outlet temperature, the gas yield and conversion of n-decane increase with rising pressure. When the outlet temperature is approximately 873 K, and the pressure increases from 3 to 4 MPa, the gas yield and conversion rise from 21% to 27% and from 38% to 45%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed that the system pressure has a positive impact on gas yield and conversion, whereas the mass flow rate has a negative impact on gas yield and conversion. These research findings provide theoretical and data support for the design of rectangular cooling channels.
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