Objective In the microgrid under islanding mode, factors such as local load shedding or variations in line impedance cause differences in system equivalent impedance, which makes it challenging for parallel inverters using droop control to achieve accurate reactive power sharing. A reactive power sharing control strategy for islanded microgrids with both frequency and amplitude compensation functions is proposed to address this issue. Methods First, analyzing the power transmission characteristics of the droop-controlled parallel inverter indicated that the active power output of the inverter was not affected by the line impedance. When the active power droop coefficient was inversely proportional to the inverter capacity, active power sharing was achieved. However, the reactive power output of the inverter was not only related to the reactive power droop coefficient but also affected by the line impedance. Due to the low voltage level of the microgrid and the non-negligible line resistance, there was a power coupling problem when using inductive droop control for parallel inverters. Therefore, a virtual impedance was introduced in the dual-loop control to make the system equivalent impedance inductive, thus realizing the decoupled control of active/reactive power in low-voltage microgrids. Secondly, the analysis of the reactive power sharing condition exhibited that the accuracy of reactive power equalization was closely related to the line impedance and the output voltage of the inverter. When the impedance of the line did not match the capacity of the inverter, it was difficult to evenly distribute the reactive power output of the inverter based on the capacity. Although introducing appropriate virtual impedance matched the line impedance with reactive power capacity and improved the accuracy of reactive power sharing, the accuracy was affected by the variation of equivalent impedance and caused additional bus voltage drop. Therefore, this study introduced an integral correction term in the reactive power control loop and adopted the method of regulating the output voltage of the inverter to achieve reactive power sharing. Based on the three-dimensional schematic diagram of the effect of power sharing on the amplitude of the inverter output voltage, it was observed that by introducing a reactive power correction term to adjust the amplitude of the inverter output voltage, it was distributed on the line where power sharing occurred, thus achieving reactive power sharing. The reactive power correction term was set to an adaptive form, driven by reactive power deviation, to adjust the inverter output voltage and achieve reactive power sharing to adapt to changes in line impedance and local load switching scenarios. The accuracy of reactive power sharing was not affected by changes in line impedance. However, introducing reactive power correction caused changes in the inverter output voltage, which in turn affected the amplitude of the bus voltage. Therefore, it was necessary to consider measures for compensating the bus voltage. In addition, droop control simulated the droop characteristics of synchronous generators. When there were large-scale load changes, the inverter output voltage frequency and amplitude deviated significantly from the rated values, which also affected the quality of the bus voltage. Frequency and amplitude compensation terms were introduced in the active and reactive control loops, respectively, to suppress the voltage frequency and amplitude deviation caused by large-scale load shedding. The selection principles of frequency and amplitude compensation coefficients were analyzed from the perspective of the dynamic response of the power control loop. Introducing frequency compensation suppressed frequency offset; however, the analysis of the active power transmission characteristics after the introduction of frequency compensation indicated that a substantial frequency compensation coefficient reduced the accuracy of active power sharing. An active power correction term was introduced into the active control loop to suppress frequency deviation while ensuring the accuracy of active power sharing. The power transmission characteristics indicated that the introduction of an active power correction term eliminated the active power deviation caused by frequency compensation. Results and Discussions The proposed strategy was compared to traditional droop control and virtual impedance-based droop control. Simulation results showed that the proposed control achieved adaptive reactive power sharing in the scenario of system equivalent impedance variation, and the accuracy of reactive power sharing was not affected by the variation of system equivalent impedance. In the scenario of plug-and-play for inverters, the proposed strategy allocated power reasonably based on the status of the inverters. The proposed strategy in both scenarios reduced the magnitude of bus voltage and frequency deviation while achieving active and reactive power sharing, improving the quality of bus voltage. Conclusions A self-adaptive reactive power-sharing control strategy is proposed to address the challenges posed by system equivalent impedance variation and bus voltage amplitude and frequency deviation caused by large-scale load switching on the reactive power-sharing performance of droop-controlled parallel inverters. This strategy integrates voltage frequency and amplitude compensation functions. The proposed strategy has reference value for research on improving the power equalization accuracy of isolated microgrids while suppressing voltage frequency and amplitude deviations.
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