Objective The converter transformer is the core power equipment of the converter and inverter in the UHV DC transmission system, and the valve-side bushing of the converter transformer, as the key accessory equipment for outgoing and current-carrying functions, plays an important role in ensuring the long-term safety and stability of the power system. During the actual operation of the converter transformer, the valve-side bushing is subjected to the combined effects of electricity, heat, mechanical force, and chemical reactions, as well as long-term vibration and other complex mechanical loads. The vibration load of the converter transformer is transmitted to the valve-side bushing through its internal structure, stimulating its vibration. Due to the lack of axial constraints between the strap contacts and the copper conductive rod contact surface, relative cyclic displacement is likely to occur between them, which can cause wear failure of the valve-side bushing strap contacts under long-term operation. Many incidents of wear deterioration in bushing strap contacts have occurred in actual engineering practice; however, there is currently a lack of research on the failure mechanism of valve-side bushing strap contacts under converter transformer vibration. Methods The finite element method was applied to investigate the failure behavior and mechanism of valve-side bushing strap contact under vibration. First, a model of the valve-side bushing of the converter transformer was established, and its modal analysis was conducted. Based on the finite element model, the vibration differential equation of the valve-side bushing strap contact was formulated. Then, the direction, frequency, and amplitude of the vibration load were varied, and a surface model was developed to describe the relationship between the cumulative relative displacement of the strap contact, the wear depth, and the vibration amplitude. The relative displacement of the strap contact was obtained for different contact areas of the strap contact and various sizes of the flange stiffener by altering the size of the strap contact and adding a stiffener to the bushing flange. Results and Discussions A simulation study was performed to analyze the relative displacement and wear characteristics of the strap contact by changing the vibration characteristics and bushing structure. The results showed that when the strap contact of the valve-side bushing was subjected to axial vibration, it produced a significant relative displacement, and its cumulative relative displacement stroke increased linearly with the amplitude of axial vibration acceleration. Under radial vibration, a considerable contact pressure was generated, and the contact pressure increased linearly with the amplitude of radial acceleration. When subjected to both axial and radial vibrations, the radial vibration increased the contact pressure between the strap contact and the copper guide rod, enhancing the contact surface resistance and reducing the relative displacement between them. The valve-side bushing exhibited a low inherent frequency, making it more sensitive to low-frequency vibration. At a vibration frequency of 100 Hz, the cumulative relative displacement stroke of the bushing strap contact was significantly larger than that under other single-frequency vibrations, while higher vibration frequencies corresponded to shorter cumulative displacement strokes. The contact pressure generated by radial vibration constrained the relative displacement of the strap contact caused by axial vibration, resulting in the wear depth of the strap contact not increasing monotonically with the rise in vibration acceleration amplitude. Changing the size of the strap contact has minimal influence on the relative displacement; however, it is recommended to use larger strap contacts to reduce contact resistance. The installation of a flange stiffener enhances the rigidity of the entire bushing structure, reducing the relative displacement of the strap contacts. Conclusions This study addresses the issue of wear and failure of the valve-side bushing strap contact under the vibration conditions of converter transformers. Based on actual engineering faults, a differential equation describing the vibration behavior of the valve-side bushing strap contact was formulated, and the finite element method was applied to analyze the relative displacement and wear depth between the strap contact and the conductive rod under various vibration loads and bushing structures. On this basis, a surface model was developed to represent the cumulative displacement stroke and wear depth of the bushing strap contact in relation to the vibration load amplitude, providing a reference for predicting the service life and wear characteristics of the bushing strap contact under long-term vibration conditions. The obtained research results and proposed improvement measures can enhance the reliability of the strap contact-type electrical connection structure of the valve-side bushing during vibration and are important for extending the service life of the valve-side bushing and ensuring the reliable operation of the converter transformer.
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