Objective The development and utilization of dry hot rock resources help China achieve its dual carbon goals. The reliability of the wellbore system is crucial for the development of dry hot rock resources. However, the casing cement sheath bonding surface in wellbore system components is a relatively weak structure, and when the wellbore is subjected to thermal‒hydraulic‒mechanical (THM) coupling, the casing-cement sheath interface (CCSI) is prone to breakage, reducing the reliability of the wellbore system. This study aims to understand the fracture mechanism of the casing cement sheath bonding surface. Methods The research method of this study was theoretical research and numerical calculation. Using the superposition principle, the boundary conditions of the model were decomposed into axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric boundary conditions. The model under non-axisymmetric boundary conditions obtained displacement and stress field expressions through the elastic thick-wall theory. Under axisymmetric boundary conditions, the model considered the coupling effect of the temperature field, mechanical field, and fluid flow field, and the expressions of each field were functions of position and time. Using the Laplace transform and inverse transform, the solution of the model was obtained. The inverse Laplace transform employed the Stehfest algorithm, and MATLAB software was used for numerical analysis. Results and Discussions The undetermined coefficients of all fields were time functions. Except for λE1 = 0, the temperature field coefficients of casing, CCSI, cement sheath, and formation all changed logarithmically with time. The coefficients λC1, λC2, and λD2 increased with time, whereas the coefficients λD1 and λE2 decreased with time. The coefficients of the mechanical field and fluid flow field of casing, CCSI, cement sheath, and formation followed a logarithmic change law, except for λC3 and λD3, which followed a linear change law. λF1, λF2, λD3, λD4, λD5, λD6, λE3, λE4, λE5, and λE6 increased with time. The coefficients λC3, λC4, λC5, and λC6 decreased with time. Published temperature curves were selected to verify the temperature field of the THM coupling model in this study. The results were found to be consistent by comparing the temperature curves at three moments. Published radial stress and radial displacement curves were also selected to verify the mechanical field of the THM coupling model, and the results were similarly consistent. Therefore, the establishment and solution process of the combinatorial THM coupling model proposed in this study was accurate. Based on the engineering background of a dry hot rock well in the Chabcha area, Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province, the temperature curve and radial stress curve of all surfaces in the wellbore system over time were studied. Due to the thin thickness of CCSI, the transformation law of the bonding surface between the casing and CCSI was essentially the same as that of the bonding surface between CCSI and the cement sheath. The temperature at CCSI decreased to the temperature of the casing inner wall in 2.3 days; however, the cement-formation interface reached the temperature of the casing inner wall in 6.9 days. The radial stress at CCSI decreases briefly at first and then increases, with the minimum value of 6.31 MPa occurring at 0.2 days. The curve exhibits an exponential change, while the radial stress curve of the cement sheath-formation interface shows a linear change. The curve of radial stress versus radius shows that the radial stress increases rapidly in the casing, and the growth rate slows after reaching CCSI. The radial stress at CCSI is larger, while the failure strength of CCSI is relatively low, making CCSI more prone to failure than other locations. Further analysis was conducted on the influence of CCSI THM coupling parameters on the radial stress at the bonding surface between casing and CCSI. The radial stress decreased initially and then increased with the increase of the ratio of elastic modulus between CCSI and cement sheath. When the ratio was 0.33 and 1.67, the radial stress was maximum, and when the ratio was 1.11, the radial stress was minimum. Changes in CCSI Poisson's ratio had little influence on radial stress during the initial period; however, after approximately 4.6 days, the influence became greater. With an increase in Poisson's ratio, the radial stress of CCSI first decreased and then increased. When the Poisson's ratio was 0.30, the radial stress was minimum, and when the Poisson's ratio was 0.34, the radial stress was maximum. With the increase in porosity, the growth rate of radial stress gradually increased. When the porosity was in the range of 0.1~0.3, the growth rate of radial stress was small, while for porosity greater than 0.4, the growth rate of radial stress was large. With the increase in the T‒O coefficient, the radial stress first decreased and then increased. When the T‒O coefficient was 1.0, the radial stress was minimum, and when the T‒O coefficient was 2.0, the radial stress was maximum. After a certain period, the growth rate of the radial stress remained unchanged. The radial stress increased with the increase in temperature difference. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the growth rate of radial stress. When the temperature difference exceeded 200 ℃, the growth rate of radial stress was significantly higher than when the temperature difference was below 200 ℃. The maximum tensile stress criterion was chosen for tension, and the M‒C criterion was selected for compression to assess CCSI damage. Conclusions When the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and T‒O coefficient of CCSI are similar to the corresponding properties of the cement sheath, they are more effective in reducing the radial stress at the interface between the casing and CCSI and in protecting the integrity of the casing-interface-cement-formation system. Lower formation temperatures and lower interface porosity have the same effect in reducing CCSI damage. This study holds great significance for ensuring the integrity of wellbore protection in dry hot rock geothermal wells.
选取文献[39]中的地层径向方向上不同位置温度随时间的变化曲线,验证本文热流固耦合模型的温度场。验证过程选取文献[39]中的套管‒水泥环‒地层的力学参数和几何数据,由于本文在推导过程中考虑了胶结面层,因此在验证过程中,选择胶结面的力学参数与水泥环相同,进而本文模型退化为文献[39]的力学模型。通过计算绘制曲线如图5所示,实线为本文模型计算结果,离散点为参考文献[39]中提取的验证温度。通过对比10、100、600 min 3个时刻下的温度曲线发现,本文所获得的温度曲线与文献[39]得到的曲线基本一致,从而验证了热流固耦合模型在温度场计算上的准确性。
由图13可知,随着孔隙率的增加,胶结面径向应力的增长速度逐渐增加,当孔隙率为[0.1,0.3]时,径向应力增长速率较小,当孔隙率大于0.4时,径向应力增长速率变大;在初期时间段内(t<2×105 s),径向应力增长速率较缓慢,在后期时间段内(2×105 s t1×106 s),径向应力增长速率变大,但随着时间的增加基本保持恒定,因而径向应力曲线展现为线性形式。综上分析,胶结面孔隙率会显著影响套管‒胶结面界面处的径向应力。通过文献[42]中不同养护时间胶结面平均孔隙率图可知,胶结面在养护条件较好的情况下最大孔隙率不会超过0.3,因此得出以下结论:孔隙率对胶结面的径向应力的影响较小。
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