基础隔震结构抗连续倒塌机制试验研究
包超 , 田佳岐 , 张宇航 , 马肖彤 , 杜永峰 , 杨秋宁
工程科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (01) : 181 -191.
基础隔震结构抗连续倒塌机制试验研究
Experimental Study on the Mechanism of Progressive Collapse Resistance of Base-isolated Structure
隔震结构特殊的构造形式,使得现有抗震结构连续倒塌研究成果无法完全适用。为了研究基础隔震结构抗连续倒塌性能及其参数的影响规律,对3个1/3缩尺钢筋混凝土基础隔震子结构(普通橡胶隔震支座的子结构构件S1、铅芯橡胶隔震支座的子结构构件S2,以及带有翼缘板的基础隔震子结构构件S3)分别开展非线性静力推覆试验研究,对比分析了试件的受力状态与破坏模式。结果表明:3个试件的破坏主要发生在弯矩较大区域,即中柱附近,而边柱节点均未出现裂缝;基础隔震结构试件的侧向约束作用较弱,难以形成悬链线机制,其抗力机制主要分为梁机制和复合机制两个阶段;基础隔震结构其转角位移与水平位移使得中柱梁端形成塑性铰的子结构具备转动的变形能力,从而延缓框架梁端塑性铰的失效,提高结构的抗连续倒塌性能;楼板拉结作用可以提升基础隔震抗连续倒塌能力;隔震层水平刚度的提高对基础隔震结构的抗连续倒塌剩余能力影响不大。
Objective The fundamental difference between seismic isolation structures and ordinary seismic structures lies in the incorporation of an isolation layer, which effectively mitigates earthquake input energy. The variation in structural measures within the isolation layer leads to different levels of resistance to progressive collapse. As a result, existing research on the progressive collapse resistance of conventional seismic structures does not fully apply to seismic isolation structures. In addition, there is a clear need to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how the stiffness of the isolation layer and the floor tie effect influence the collapse performance and load transfer mechanisms of seismic isolation structures, which requires further empirical validation. Methods This study aims to examine the performance of base isolation structures against continuous collapse and to assess the impact of various parameters by utilizing an office building located within a hospital in Ningxia as the reference model. It encompasses the design of substructure tests, working condition design, and test parameter design. The test model underwent comprehensive adjustments while considering the unit test conditions and several limiting factors. Nonlinear static pushover tests were performed on three 1/3-scale reinforced concrete foundation isolation substructures using the dismantled member method. For clarity, the substructural member with a standard rubber isolation bearing was designated as S1, the member with a lead-core rubber isolation bearing as S2, and the substructural member with a flange plate as S3. These test specimens were subjected to static loading under displacement control. Initially, the loading was controlled at 5 mm per stage, and upon reaching the maximum beam mechanism load, it transitioned to controlled loading at 10 mm per stage. The force states, damage modes, and resistance mechanisms of the three specimens were systematically documented. Comparative analyses of bearing deformations, strain variations, deflection curves, and load-carrying capacities were conducted. Ultimately, by employing the principle of energy balance, the dynamic response and collapse resistance of the three specimens were evaluated. Results and Discussions The findings revealed that damage predominantly occurred in regions of higher bending moments, particularly near the center column, while no cracking was observed at the side column nodes. The specimens in the base isolation structure exhibited weak lateral confinement. Upon attaining the peak beam mechanism value, the increase in bearing capacity decelerated due to the energy dissipation of the bearing, which hindered significant capacity growth during the second peak. Therefore, categorizing the resistance of base isolation structures into beam and composite mechanisms was proved to be challenging. The analysis primarily identified two stages, namely the beam mechanism and the composite mechanism. Specimens S1 and S3 exhibited reinforcement rupture at the bottom of beam A, whereas the failure of specimen S2 occurred in the plastic hinge area at the beam end on the right side of the center column, which was attributed to the high horizontal stiffness of the seismic isolation bearing. In seismic isolation structures, deformation primarily occurs in the bearing, which can delay the failure of the plastic hinge at the beam ends of the frame following the formation of a plastic hinge at the beam end of the center column. The peak value of the beam mechanism for specimen S2 was 1.14 times greater than that of specimen S1, and its ultimate bearing capacity surpassed that of S3 by 1.11 times. This indicated that the ultimate load of the base seismic isolation structure increased with the stiffness of the bearings. Similarly, the peak value of the beam mechanism for specimen S3 was 1.09 times higher than that of S1, with an ultimate bearing capacity 1.13 times greater than that of S1. The beams and slabs synergistically resisted the upper load, and the tie effect of the floor slab significantly enhanced the structural resistance to continuous collapse. The tensile action of the floor slab improved the anti-continuous collapse capacity of the base isolation structure. The angular and horizontal displacements in the base isolation structure enabled the substructures, with plastic hinges at the beam ends of the center columns, to exhibit rotational deformation capacity. This delayed the failure of the plastic hinges at the beam ends of the frame and enhanced the anti-continuous collapse performance of the structure. The maximum dynamic loads for S1, S2, and S3 were recorded as 118.8, 140.1, and 129.4 kN, respectively, which were significantly lower than the corresponding static loads. The duration of the dynamic load action for S1 was 1.13 times longer. Despite the short duration of the dynamic load impact, the structure incurred damage when the load reached its peak. Based on the test outcomes and a simplified evaluation method for structural dynamic response grounded in energy balance principles, the residual load capacity of S2 was found to be 28.9% less than that of S1. The residual load capacity of S3 was 81.6% less than that of S1 and 74.1% less than that of S2. These findings indicated that, in the event of medium bearing failure, the rubber isolation bearing in the base isolation structure enhances the residual capacity of the structure to resist continuous collapse. However, increasing the horizontal stiffness of the seismic isolation layer has a minimal effect on the ability of the base isolation structure to resist continuous collapse. Conclusions Unlike traditional seismic-resistant structures, the progressive collapse resistance mechanism of base-isolated structures was divided into two stages: the beam mechanism and the composite mechanism. The horizontal stiffness provided a long peak load plateau, leading to a significant increase in both rotational and horizontal displacements. The failure mode of beams was characterized by the prior yielding of steel bars near the middle joints; tensile steel bars at both ends also yielded during the beam mechanism stage, while compressive steel bars remained unyielded. Additionally, the slab tension effect effectively enhanced the bearing capacity of isolated structures under the beam mechanism. Energy was dissipated by isolation bearings, resulting in substantial rotation of beams, yet the concrete at the beam ends of edge columns remained intact. The weak constraint of the isolation layer delayed the failure of plastic hinges at the ends of frame beams. Based on the energy equivalence principle and the DoD progressive collapse criterion, an evaluation of the residual progressive collapse resistance of beam-column substructures in base-isolated structures was conducted. It was found that the increase in the horizontal stiffness of the isolation layer had little influence on the residual progressive collapse resistance of base-isolated structures.
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国家自然科学基金项目(52368044)
宁夏自然科学基金优秀青年项目(2023AAC05015)
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BEG03022)
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