Objective The mixed passenger and freight railway operates EMUs, locomotives, freight trains, and ordinary passenger trains. Different wheel profiles run on the same line, which results in a complex wheel-rail matching relationship. Rail profile optimization serves as an important approach to improving the wheel-rail matching relationship. Most existing studies on rail profile optimization focus on passenger-dedicated lines, freight-dedicated lines, or metro lines, and they consider only the matching relationship between a single wheel profile and the rail in the optimization design. Methods Firstly, the vehicle dynamics models of freight cars, locomotives, and bullet trains were established based on the multi-body dynamics simulation software SIMPACK, and the curve operating parameters were selected based on the actual conditions of a domestic passenger-cargo shared railway line with a design speed of 200 km/h and the "TB 10098—2017 Code for Design of Railway Line". The model was used for wheel rail contact geometry analysis and dynamic performance evaluation. Then, based on the tangential relationship between each arc of the rail surface and the tangential relationship between the arc and the straight line, the arc formula of the rail surface was derived, and six arc parameters that fully represented the rail surface were extracted. The arc program was developed using MATLAB, and the arc parameters were utilized as inputs to generate the rail surface composed of discrete points. Using circular arc parameters as design variables, wheel-rail wear number, contact stress, and derailment coefficient as optimization objectives, and axle lateral force and wheel load reduction rate as constraint functions, a mathematical model for rail profile optimization of passenger-cargo railway curve sections was established. The optimal Latin hypercube method was employed to extract uniformly distributed sample points in the sample space to reduce the computational time cost of the optimization model, and the RBF neural network surrogate model was established to predict the mapping relationship between the design variables and the objective functions based on the sample data. The model was solved using the NSGA- Ⅱ optimization algorithm to obtain the optimized rail profile. The rail wear prediction model of the mixed passenger and freight railway was developed to predict the rail wear evolution law, considering the passing frequency of different vehicle types and the passing weight coefficients of different wheel profiles. Finally, the performance indices of the optimized rail profile and the 60N rail profile were compared and analyzed from three aspects to verify the performance of the optimized rail profile: wheel-rail static contact characteristics, vehicle dynamic performance, and rail wear evolution law under 800 000 wheel passes. Results and Discussions The performance indices of the optimized rail and the 60N rail were compared and analyzed from three aspects to verify the performance of the optimized rail: wheel-rail static contact characteristics, vehicle dynamic performance, and rail wear prediction. The following conclusions were obtained: After applying the optimized rail profile, the distribution of wheel-rail contact points became more uniform, the rolling circle radius difference increased under large lateral displacement, and the vehicle curve negotiation performance improved. Under the R800 m radius curve, the derailment coefficient and axle lateral force were significantly reduced when LM, JM3, and LMA wheel profiles were matched with the optimized rail profile. Under different operating conditions, the derailment coefficient and axle lateral force were improved when the JM3 wheel profile was matched with the optimized rail profile. For the 800 m curve radius, the wear number of the LM wheel profile improved and was reduced by 17%, while the wear numbers of the JM3 wheel profile under 800, 2 800, 3 500, and 4 500 m radius curves were reduced by 56%, 58%, 50%, and 42%, respectively. The wear number of the LMA wheel profile under 800 and 2 800 m radius curves improved significantly, with reductions of 80% and 80%, respectively, while the LMB10 wheel profile showed a reduction of 42% under the 800 m radius curve. After applying the optimized rail profile, the wheel-rail contact stress of LMA wheels under 800 m and 2800 m radius curves was significantly reduced by 59% and 59%, respectively. When the JM3 wheel profile was matched with the 60N rail, it exhibited a higher wheel-rail contact stress level under different operating conditions, and the stress level decreased by an average of 60% after applying the optimized rail profile. After applying the optimized rail profile, the wheel-rail contact stress of the LMB10 wheel under the 800 m radius curve was significantly reduced, with a 44% reduction compared to the 60N rail profile and a 17% reduction for the LM wheel. After the optimization of the rail profile, the issue of rail side wear under 800 and 2 800 m radius curve conditions was resolved. Under other curve radius conditions, the rail wear distribution range became wider, and the maximum wear amount was lower than that of the 60N rail. Conclusions The results indicate that the method is suitable for the optimal design of rail profiles in the curved sections of mixed passenger and freight railways, and it can ensure the safety of vehicle operation and curve-passing performance while reducing wheel-rail contact stress and wear rate after optimizing the existing rail profile. The research findings provide a valuable reference for rail profile design and rail grinding in passenger-cargo railways.
ZhaoXin, WenZefeng, WangHengyu,et al.Research progress on wheel/rail rolling contact fatigue of rail transit in China[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2021,21(1):1‒35. doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.01.001
ShevtsovI Y, MarkineV L, EsveldC.Design of railway wheel profile taking into account rolling contact fatigue and wear[J].Wear,2008,265(9/10):1273‒1282. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2008.03.018
[4]
GaoYa, YangFei, YouMingxi,et al.Research on the the influencing factors of abnormal vibration of conventional railway on curve during operation period[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2024,21(4):1412‒1423. doi:10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20230928
ZhangXiao, ChiMaoru, XieYuchen,et al.Research on nonlinear characteristics of equivalent conicity and its application in wheel tread profile design[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2024,21(4):1424‒1434. doi:10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20230891
MagelE E, KalousekJ.The application of contact mechanics to rail profile design and rail grinding[J].Wear,2002,253(1/2):308‒316. doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(02)00123-0
[10]
PerssonI, NilssonR, BikU,et al.Use of a genetic algorithm to improve the rail profile on Stockholm underground[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2010,48(sup1):89‒104. doi:10.1080/00423111003668245
[11]
CuiDabin, LiLi, JinXuesong,et al.Study on rail goal profile by grinding[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(4):178‒184.
ZhouJun, LiuLinya, WanPeng.Optimization of rail profile in curved section of railway passenger dedicated line[J].Railway Standard Design,2014,58(7):20‒23. doi:10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.2014.07.005
WangPu, GaoLiang, XinTao,et al.Study on the numerical optimization of rail profiles for heavy haul railways[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2017,231(6):649‒665. doi:10.1177/0954409716635685
[16]
WangJunping.Research on rail wear control method based on profile grinding for sharp curve rail[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2021,43(1):128‒134.
WuLei, LiuJianqiao, DhanasekarM,et al.Optimisation of railhead profiles for curved tracks using improved non-uniform rational B-splines and measured profiles[J].Wear,2019,418:123‒132. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2018.11.012
[19]
LiGuofang, LiXing, LiMeng,et al.Multi-objective optimisation of high-speed rail profile with small radius curve based on NSGA‒Ⅱ Algorithm[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2023,61(12):3111‒3135. doi:10.1080/00423114.2022.2158878
[20]
ZhangJin, YuZhe, YangChao,et al.Optimization design and effect evaluation of rail grinding profile for conventional speed railway[J].Railway Engineering,2020,60(10):138‒141. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003
LinFengtao, DengZhuoxin, PangHuafei,et al.Design method of grinding profile of over worn rail[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2022,22(2):111‒122. doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.02.008
XiaoJieling.The theory and test research on rail asymmetric grinding for the passenger and freight railway[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2011. doi:10.7666/d.y2109289
HuWeihao.Optimization of rail grinding profile and wear prediction of passenger-freight mixed running line[D].Nanchang:East China Jiaotong University,2020.
[29]
胡伟豪.客货混跑线路钢轨打磨廓形优化及磨耗预测[D].南昌:华东交通大学,2020.
[30]
LiuAn.Curved dynamic response analysis and rail profile development law of 200 km/h and above passenger-freight common railway[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2021.
LiLi, PengJingkang, CuiDabin,et al.Design method for asymmetric grinding profile of rails in sharp curves[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2022,22(2):99‒110. doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.02.007
NaTong, WenBingguang, TaoGongquan,et al.Analysis of wheel-rail static contact characteristics of passenger and freight mixed transportation[J].Electric Locomotives & Mass Transit Vehicles,2022,45(6):32‒38.
ZhouQingyue, ZhangYinhua, TianChanghai,et al.Profile design and test study of 60N rail[J].China Railway Science,2014,35(2):128‒135. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2014.02.21
MuXuefeng.Research and application of agent model technology for multidisciplinary design optimization[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2004. doi:10.7666/d.y580597
ZhaoZiyan.Research on the application and structural optimization design method based on DOE and surrogate model[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2017.
[44]
赵紫岩.基于DOE和代理模型的结构优化设计方法及应用研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2017.
[45]
JinR, ChenW, SimpsonT W.Comparative studies of metamodelling techniques under multiple modelling criteria[J].Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization,2001,23(1):1‒13. doi:10.1007/s00158-001-0160-4
[46]
DebK, PratapA, AgarwalS,et al.A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm:NSGA‒Ⅱ[J].IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,2002,6(2):182‒197. doi:10.1109/4235.996017
[47]
ArnoldM, NetterH.Apporoximation of contact geometry in the dynamical simulation of wheel-rail[J].Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems,1998,4(2):162‒184. doi:10.1080/13873959808837075
[48]
WenBingguang, WangShenghua, TaoGongquan,et al.Prediction of rail profile evolution on metro curved tracks:Wear model and validation[J].International Journal of Rail Transportation,2023,11(6):811‒832. doi:10.1080/23248378.2022.2113923