School of Mechanical and Instrumental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
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文章历史+
Received
Accepted
Published
2024-03-06
Issue Date
2026-05-13
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摘要
随着清洁可再生能源的不断发展,利用洋流能为水下微型无线传感器提供电能已成为研究热点。水下涡激振动能量俘获系统是一种在浅海低流速条件下利用涡激振动效应俘获洋流能的发电装置。本文将非线性恢复力、单向轴承及齿轮齿条机构与振动钝体结合,提出一种新型基于洋流能的涡激振动能量俘获系统。采用Van der Pol方程描述流体和钝体间的耦合效应,建立系统流‒固‒电耦合动力学方程。对系统进行稳定性分析,得到系统在单稳、双稳及三稳态情况下的参数数值范围,将3种稳态下系统的振幅比进行对比,发现系统处于三稳态时具有较强的发电优势。借助数值仿真,通过钝体振动的时域图、相图、分岔图及庞加莱截面详细研究流体参数(水流流速)和结构参数(质量比和阻尼比)对系统位移响应的影响,并分析单向轴承对传动轴转速的影响。分析质量比和阻尼比对发电功率的影响。结果表明,三稳态系统拥有非常丰富的非线性动力学行为,出现混沌运动、多周期运动及准周期运动,阻尼比的变化主要影响发电功率的峰值,而质量比的变化主要影响涡激振动的共振区间范围。
Abstract
Objective Due to the development of clean and renewable energy, the harvesting of ocean current energy, particularly vortex-induced vibration energy suitable for low flow rates, continues to emerge as a research hotspot for powering microwireless underwater sensors. However, linear systems face limitations such as low power output and a narrow energy harvesting range, which prevent them from meeting the required electrical demand. In contrast, nonlinear systems possess a lower energy barrier, allowing them to produce significant motion under weaker excitation and to operate effectively across a broader flow velocity range. Therefore, this study proposes a nonlinear vortex-induced vibration energy harvesting system designed to generate and supply greater power for underwater devices. The dynamic characteristics and power generation performance of the proposed system are investigated. Methods The Van der Pol equation was utilized to describe the coupling effect between the fluid and the blunt body, and a nonlinear restoring force was generated by the geometric nonlinearity caused by the oblique arrangement of linear springs. An underwater vortex-induced vibration power generation system incorporating a nonlinear restoring force was proposed. The system converted the lateral reciprocating motion of the blunt body into the unidirectional rotational motion of the generator through unidirectional bearings, gear rack mechanisms, speed-increasing boxes, and rotor generators. The fluid-solid-electrical coupling dynamic equation of the system was established, and the static equilibrium point bifurcation and different steady-state motion intervals of the blunt body's nonlinear vibration were obtained using nonlinear vibration theory. First, stability analysis was conducted on the system, and the parameter ranges under mono-stable, bi-stable, and tri-stable conditions were determined. The amplitude ratios of the system under the three steady states were compared, and it was found that the system has a strong power generation advantage in tri-stable motion. Then, using numerical simulation and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, the effects of fluid parameters (water flow velocity u) and structural parameters (mass ratio m*, damping ratio δ) on the bifurcation characteristics of the system were studied in detail through time-domain diagrams, phase diagrams, bifurcation diagrams, and Poincaré cross-sections of blunt body vibration. Then, the influence of unidirectional bearings on system speed was analyzed, followed by the analysis of the effects of mass ratio and damping ratio on power generation. Results and Discussions The variation in the stable motion characteristics of the bluff body with parameters a and b was obtained based on the potential energy function of the system. The barrier heights of the potential energy function differed under various stable motion conditions. In comparison, the potential well depths of the potential energy function under tri-stable motion were lower, making cross-well motion more likely to occur. Based on the amplitude response analysis, the tri-stable energy harvesting system exhibited a wider operating range and better dynamic output performance than the bi-stable and mono-stable systems. It was found that the motion state of the system changed with different flow velocities by analyzing the influence of ocean current velocity on the vibration characteristics of the blunt body. Minor periodic motion occurred within wells, while large-scale chaotic motion appeared between wells, and periodic motions of 8, 4, 2, and 1 were observed within the wells. It was found that the bluff body underwent large-scale inter-well motion in the resonance intervals of 0.540 m/su<0.876 m/s and 0.935 m/su<1.290 m/s, respectively. Through the analysis of the influence of the damping ratio on the vibration characteristics of the blunt body, it was observed that with the continuous increase in damping ratio, the vibration amplitude of the blunt body decreased. When the damping ratio was less than 0.387, the system alternated between chaotic and periodic motions. When the damping ratio exceeded 0.387, the bluff body converted into a periodic motion of 1. The influence of the mass ratio on the vibration characteristics of the blunt body was similar to that of the damping ratio, also exhibiting nonlinear behavior as the mass ratio changed. When the mass ratio was greater than 1.730, the bluff body exhibited a periodic motion of 1 within the well. The use of one-way clutches allowed the bidirectional vibration of the bluff body to be transmitted as unidirectional rotation to the transmission shaft, ensuring that the generator speed was equal to or greater than the gear speed. The increase in damping ratio led to a reduction in power generation, with the maximum generated power reaching 59.5 W. The increase in mass ratio narrowed the locking interval of vortex-induced vibration, resulting in decreased power generation. The maximum generated power reached 57 W. Conclusions This study proposes a novel nonlinear vortex-induced vibration energy harvester operating underwater. The installation parameters of the linear spring influence the nonlinear restoring forces acting on the bluff body as well as the vibration mode of the blunt body. Variations in ocean flow velocity, mass ratio, and damping ratio significantly affect the bifurcation characteristics and vibration amplitudes. The effects of the damping ratio and mass ratio on power generation performance are analyzed, indicating that increasing the damping ratio and mass ratio reduces the power output.
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