1.College of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2.Zhichuan College, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Xinyang 464200, China
3.Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources in Yellow River Basin, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2024-05-28
2026-07-20
Issue Date
2026-10-13
PDF (2564K)
摘要
抗震安全风险评估是大坝抗震设计和风险管理的重要依据。然而,现有研究多侧重于单一环节的独立分析,缺少整体性的风险评估框架研究,且针对高土石坝的抗震安全评价指标与接受准则尚不成熟。本文综合考虑地震危险性、易损性和灾害损失3方面内容,结合已有风险评估标准,提出较为完整的高土石坝抗震安全风险评估体系。首先,通过F‒N曲线法和ALARP(as low as reasonably practicable)准则将地震危险性、易损性和灾害损失分析结果相结合,采用风险矩阵法划分高土石坝地震综合风险等级;然后,通过数学模型量化各等级下的地震综合风险指标,并以此制定各等级的风险评价标准和接受准则;最后,综合以上内容建立高土石坝抗震安全风险评估体系,以生命损失为决定因子,给出高土石坝地震综合风险等级评估标准。以紫坪铺大坝为研究实例进行抗震安全风险评估,结果表明,紫坪铺大坝的地震综合风险指数R=6.115×10-7,相应的地震风险等级为Ⅴ级,位于可接受区域,说明紫坪铺大坝因地震的破坏溃坝的可能性低,处于安全状态。本文所提抗震安全风险评估体系可为高土石坝抗震安全设计和风险控制提供参考。
Abstract
Objective The seismic safety of high earth and rockfill dams, particularly in seismically active regions, remains a critical concern because of the potentially catastrophic consequences of dam failure. Existing risk assessment methods for these structures present several limitations, often lacking comprehensive integration of seismic hazards, structural vulnerability, and disaster losses. This research aims to develop a systematic and comprehensive seismic safety risk assessment framework for high earth and rockfill dams to address these shortcomings. The proposed framework seeks to provide a more detailed and accurate evaluation of seismic risks, enhancing the safety and management strategies of such dams. Methods The research utilized a combination of advanced risk assessment techniques to develop the seismic safety evaluation framework. The process began with the integration of seismic hazard, vulnerability, and disaster loss through the F‒N curve method and the ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable) criterion. These methods enabled a detailed analysis of the probability of dam failure and its potential consequences. A risk matrix method was then employed to categorize the comprehensive seismic risk levels of the dams. Quantitative analysis was conducted using mathematical models to establish seismic risk indices for different risk levels. These indices were utilized to formulate risk assessment standards and acceptance criteria for each level, ensuring consistency in the application of the framework across different seismic conditions. The framework emphasized life loss as the primary determining factor for risk assessment, providing a rigorous standard for evaluating the seismic risk levels of high earth and rockfill dams. The Zipingpu Dam, a high earth and rockfill dam located in a seismically active region, was used as a case study to validate the proposed framework. Finite element analysis and other computational methods were employed to simulate seismic scenarios and evaluate the dam's response under different seismic conditions. The study further incorporated probabilistic seismic hazard analysis to assess the likelihood of various earthquake intensities at the dam site. Fragility curves were developed to represent the dam's vulnerability to different levels of ground motion. The potential consequences of dam failure were evaluated through comprehensive loss estimation models that considered factors such as downstream population density, economic assets, and environmental impacts. This multifaceted approach ensured a holistic assessment of seismic risk and provided decision-makers with valuable insights for risk management and mitigation strategies. Results and Discussions The application of the proposed framework to the Zipingpu Dam revealed significant insights into its seismic safety and highlighted the importance of a comprehensive seismic safety risk assessment system for high-earth-rock dams. This system, which considered life loss as a determining factor, provided a robust approach for classifying and managing the risks associated with such dams. The seismic risk index calculated for the Zipingpu Dam, R = 6.115×10-7, corresponded to a Grade Ⅴ risk category and indicated a low seismic risk, placing the dam within an acceptable safety zone. This finding was reassuring because it indicated that the dam was unlikely to experience catastrophic failure due to seismic activity under the current design and operational conditions. However, the significance of this assessment lies not only in the specific result but also in the methodology employed. The F‒N curve method and the ALARP criterion, which were integrated within the proposed framework, demonstrated effectiveness in combining different risk factors into a cohesive assessment. This holistic approach ensured that all relevant aspects of seismic safety were considered, providing a more accurate and reliable evaluation of the dam's seismic performance. Conclusions The proposed seismic safety risk assessment framework for high earth and rockfill dams integrates hazard, vulnerability, and disaster loss, providing a unified and reliable approach. The practicality of the framework is demonstrated through its successful application to the Zipingpu Dam. The framework emphasizes human safety and establishes a strong foundation for future research and development in dam safety, particularly in seismic regions, by focusing on life loss. This research provides valuable insights into global dam safety efforts and has the potential to enhance long-term safety and resilience.
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