深大基坑悬挂式止水帷幕减压降水模型解

孟旭 ,  陈东霞 ,  陈波 ,  袁博

工程科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (04) : 136 -144.

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工程科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (04) : 136 -144. DOI: 10.12454/j.jsuese.202400396
深地科学与工程

深大基坑悬挂式止水帷幕减压降水模型解

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Solution of the Model for Decompression Dewatering in Deep and Big Foundation Pits with Suspended Waterproof Curtain

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摘要

止水帷幕结合坑内抽水井形成的墙‒井系统是深大基坑常用的减压降水方法。现行的设计规范中由于未考虑止水帷幕和土层渗透系数各向异性对承压地下水渗流的影响,计算结果与实际并不相符。针对这种误差,本文将深大基坑等效成相同面积的承压非完整井,建立考虑止水帷幕隔水作用和土层渗透系数各向异性的减压降水模型。通过有限傅里叶变换、线性变换、逆变换建立坑外水位降深与坑外流量的解析解。依照达西定律,引入等效渗流路径推导坑内涌水量,利用渗流连续条件即可建立基坑涌水量与坑外水位降深的动态联系。将模型解得出的坑外水位降深和基坑涌水量分别与已知文献解、多个实际工程案例进行对比分析,验证了模型解的可行性,分析模型解的影响参数。结果表明:止水帷幕的设置改变了基坑附近渗流场的流态,随着插入比的增加,坑内涌水量与坑外最大水位降深均有明显减少;承压层渗透系数各向异性程度越大,坑内涌水量与坑外最大水位降深随之减少;基坑尺寸比越大,相同条件下坑内涌水量与坑外最大水位降深也显著增加;当基坑附近存在稳定水源时,需加大坑内抽水量才能达到设计要求,坑外最大水位降深减少并不显著,建议采取阻断措施降低影响。模型解可为开展悬挂式止水帷幕下深大基坑减压降水优化设计提供合理的计算方法和理论支撑。

Abstract

Objective The wall-well system formed by a hanging water curtain combined with pumping wells in a pit is a common decompression and dewatering method for deep and large foundation pits. However, the current standard design does not consider the influence of the sealing curtain on confined groundwater seepage. In addition, due to the influence of stratum deposition under actual engineering geological conditions, the permeability coefficient of the bearing layer is mostly anisotropic, rather than the isotropic condition assumed by the standard. These factors make the calculated results of the standard not fully consistent with actual conditions. In addition, current research often focuses only on water withdrawal in the foundation pit or changes in the groundwater level outside the foundation pit, and rarely establishes the relationship between the two. Therefore, this study further improves the dewatering design of the bearing layer of deep foundation pits by constructing a new model and using an analytical solution method. Methods Firstly, the wall-well system formed by the hanging water curtain combined with the pumping well in the pit was equivalent to a pressurized incomplete well with the same area. A three-dimensional stable axisymmetric model of decompression and precipitation was established by considering the water insulation effect of the water curtain and the anisotropy of soil permeability. Based on the model, the top and bottom of the confined aquifer were assumed to be impervious boundaries, and the second-type boundary conditions were constructed. Based on the assumption that the outer boundary was not affected by pumping, the first-type boundary condition was constructed. Based on the hydraulic connection inside and outside the foundation pit, the second-type boundary condition was constructed based on Darcy's law. The basic differential equation of groundwater movement was transformed into a zero-order virtual scalar Bessel equation and a second-order homogeneous differential equation using the finite Fourier cosine transform and linear transform. Then, using the inverse Fourier cosine transform and linear transform, the relationship between the extractable water quantity and the drawdown outside the foundation pit was solved. Based on Darcy's law, the equivalent seepage path was introduced to derive the calculation formula for water inflow in the foundation pit. The relationship between the amount of water pumped from the foundation pit and the maximum water-level drawdown outside the foundation pit was established by using the continuous condition of groundwater seepage and the equal pumping amount inside and outside the foundation pit. Finally, the foundation pit drainage of five engineering cases was compared to the model formula, and the degradation of the model solution was compared to the known solution in the literature to verify the rationality of the model solution. Results and Discussions The calculated values of the model solution were in good agreement with the field-measured values, and all errors were within 10%, which met the actual requirements of general engineering. Compared to the field-measured values, the error was very large when the waterproof effect of the curtain and the anisotropy of soil permeability were not considered. Although project safety was ensured, excessive precipitation cost was consumed, which was not conducive to project management. The solution for the water-level drawdown outside the pit in this study was in good agreement with the formula in the literature under different radial distances and showed certain applicability by changing the value of the pumping amount. Compared to several engineering measured parameters, the parameters affecting seepage around the deep foundation pit mainly included the insertion ratio of the suspended water curtain d/M, the anisotropy of the permeability coefficient of the bearing layer kr /kz, the dimension ratio of the foundation pit r0/M, and the fixed recharge distance l. The fixed recharge was regarded as a stable water source that was not affected by pumping and did not change with time. The influence radius was used when no fixed recharge existed. Therefore, the above four parameters were mainly considered for the model sensitivity analysis. The setting of the water-sealing curtain changed the seepage state of confined water around the deep foundation pit. An increase in the water curtain insertion ratio reduced the water inflow of the foundation pit and the maximum water-level drawdown outside the foundation pit, and the cut-off point for the decreasing trend was approximately between 0.5 and 0.6. As the anisotropy of the confined soil layer increased, the water inflow of the foundation pit and the maximum water-level drawdown outside the foundation pit slowed down, with approximately 4 as the cut-off point. With the increase in the dimension ratio of the foundation pit, the water inflow of the foundation pit under the same conditions continued to increase, and the maximum water-level drawdown outside the foundation pit also increased. However, the growth rate slowed significantly after the cut-off point of 0.8. The closer the foundation pit was to the fixed recharge, the smaller the delay effect of recharge was. Under the same conditions, the pumping amount of the foundation pit had to be increased to meet the requirements, and at this time, the maximum water level outside the pit deepened and decreased. Conclusions The results of the preceding parameter analysis show that the decompression and dewatering design of actual deep and large foundation pits should consider the influence of the water-seal curtain and the anisotropy of the permeability coefficient. For large foundation pits and foundation pits close to fixed recharge boundaries, corresponding blocking measures should be adopted to ensure the effectiveness of decompression and dewatering. The model solution derived in this study can provide a reasonable calculation method and theoretical reference for the optimal design of decompression and dewatering in deep and large foundation pits under a hanging water curtain.

Graphical abstract

关键词

止水帷幕 / 各向异性 / 模型解 / 坑内涌水量 / 坑外水位降深

Key words

waterproof curtain / anisotropy / solution of model / water inflow of foundation pit / maximum drop of water level

引用本文

引用格式 ▾
孟旭,陈东霞,陈波,袁博. 深大基坑悬挂式止水帷幕减压降水模型解[J]. 工程科学与技术, 2026, 58(04): 136-144 DOI:10.12454/j.jsuese.202400396

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“十四五”规划提出以建设高质量城市基础设施体系为目标后,城市地下空间的开发利用日渐增多,超大、超深基坑量也随之增加。这类深大基坑底部往往存在承压层,施工开挖期间不仅易造成基坑突涌、地下结构上浮和支挡结构变形等破坏,而且会对周边建筑环境造成影响[1‒3]。因此,需采用合理的深大基坑减压降水方法来控制承压层地下水带来的施工问题。
止水帷幕与坑内抽水群井构成的“墙‒井”系统对于平衡坑内涌水与坑外水位降深具有重要作用[4‒5],因而成为深大基坑中常用的减压降水方式。现有的《建筑基坑支护技术规程》(JGJ120—2012)[6]提出了承压水完整井和非完整井的基坑涌水量计算公式,但并未考虑实际围护结构对基坑附近渗流场的影响[7‒9]。因此,完善止水帷幕下深大基坑减压降水设计,对防止基坑降水引起的坑内外渗流破坏具有重要意义。目前,国内外学者对于止水帷幕影响下的坑内涌水量进行了较多研究,主要采用的方法有流网分析法、修正“大井法”、改进阻力系数法、室内模型试验、数值模拟分析等。王忠凯等[10]通过分析非完整井止水帷幕减压降水效果流网图发现,当止水帷幕进入强透水层厚度2/3处时,止水帷幕长度对坑内涌水量和坑内外水位有影响。王浩等[11]根据流网理论进一步提出了止水帷幕下地下水渗流的平均水力梯度,对“大井法”模型进行修正,提出了考虑止水帷幕影响基坑涌水量的计算公式。彭祎等[12]对闸坝改进阻力系数法进行修正,推导了新的基坑“水平汇流段”的等效阻力系数公式,实现了悬挂式帷幕基坑涌水量的定量计算。Shi等[13]建立了考虑高渗透地层中水平帷幕影响的深基坑渗流理论分析模型,推导了水平帷幕条件下的涌水量计算公式,并通过室内试验进行了验证。张邦芾等[14]设计基坑渗流模型试验箱,模拟了64个悬挂式帷幕基坑渗流工况,发现帷幕深度增加1倍时,总渗流量减少10%~15%。吴杰等[15]建立了圆形基坑渗流场解析模型,对比解析解与数值模拟结果,讨论了基坑尺寸与止水帷幕控水效果的关系。Liu等[16]利用有限差分法分析了止水帷幕基坑降水时的三维渗流特征,通过量化阻塞效应,进一步发展了稳态流动下的涌水量计算公式。然而,以上研究大多没有考虑止水帷幕下坑内降水对坑外渗流场的影响。
由于坑内群井抽水和止水帷幕的设置同样会引起坑外渗流场发生变化,许多学者通过建立数学模型和利用数值模拟来开展研究。Shi等[17]依托某地铁车站深基坑工程,利用数值模拟方法分析了不同降水条件和止水帷幕深度对基坑稳定的影响,发现随着降水深度的增加,土层的渗流作用明显增强,不利于基坑的稳定。Lyu等[18]分析了止水帷幕对承压含水层稳态渗流的阻断机理,采用解析方法求解了止水帷幕插入对深基坑周围承压水头的分布影响表达式。Zeng等[19]基于Lyu等[18]的理论,利用分离变量法得到各向异性条件下基坑周围稳态渗流场的显式解析解,并采用FLAC3D进行数值验证。黄娟等[20]将圆形围堰周围渗流场分为4个区域,用分离变量法和贝塞尔函数正交性得到了圆形围堰稳态渗流场解析解。余俊等[21]采用叠加原理和分离变量法给出各区域水头分布的级数形式解,根据各区域间连续条件和傅里叶级数正交性求得成层土中基坑二维稳态渗流场水头分布的显式解析解。高扬等[22]通过引入平面二维流势函数理论和叠加原理,求解得到了有无止水帷幕工况下承压完整井在降水‒回灌共同作用下的一维地下水浸润曲线方程。但以上研究很少将坑内涌水量和坑外水位降深进行动态联系,也未考虑实际土层渗透系数各向异性的影响,不利于开展基坑减压降水优化设计。李瑛等[23]通过构建墙‒井系统模型,套用已有坑外流量计算公式,建立坑内减压抽水量与坑外水位降深的关系式,但计算结果偏大。同时,乔彤等[24]发现不考虑土渗透各向异性的影响会导致低估涌水量和水位降深变化,不利于支护结构施工设计。
为弥补现有研究的不足,本文充分考虑止水帷幕与土层渗透系数各向异性情况下对基坑群井抽水的影响,运用有限傅里叶余弦变换和逆变换得出坑外水位降深解,引用止水帷幕下地下水渗流路径影响系数建立坑内涌水量计算公式,利用渗流连续条件建立起二者联系。将模型解退化与已知解对比分析,并利用5个工程实例分别验证模型解的准确性。基于模型解分析止水帷幕插入比、承压层渗透系数各向异性比、基坑尺寸比、稳定水源对坑内涌水量和坑外最大水位降深的影响。研究成果完善了现有规范基坑涌水量计算公式,考虑了对坑外水位降深的影响,可为开展悬挂式止水帷幕下深大基坑减压降水优化设计和水位监测提供合理的计算方法和理论支撑。

1 计算模型与渗流方程构建

1.1 构建计算模型

为了研究悬挂式止水帷幕下深基坑定流量抽水时承压层地下水的渗流运动,建立深基坑三维轴对称渗流模型,如图1所示,以研究坑外水位降深与坑内定流量抽水的动态联系。

上述模型利用对称性建立轴对称坐标系,以承压层不透水底面为r轴,基坑中心线为Z轴,竖直向上为正,深基坑内承压含水层底部中心处为坐标原点O。图1中:d为止水帷幕插入深度;l为固定水位H1(如江海湖泊等,不考虑其水位波动,视为稳定水源)到坐标原点的径向距离,无稳定水源时视为影响半径;hw为坑外最大降深水位,一般沿止水帷幕外壁处;H2为基坑设计降水后水位值;kr 和kz 分别为承压层径向和竖直方向渗透系数。

模型假定不考虑越流补给与径流影响,将承压层视为等厚且自然水力坡度为0的均质含水层,厚度为M。基坑内采用群井抽水,抽水点位于承压层顶部,将坑内承压水头线视为水平线。此时将深基坑等效为“大井”,止水帷幕视为井壁,按照规范[6]假定:圆形基坑的等效半径为r0;矩形基坑的等效半径r0=0.29(a+b),a和b分别为基坑长边和短边;不规则基坑的等效半径r0=A/π,A为基坑面积。对于多层土,其等效渗透系数按各含水层渗透系数厚度加权取平均值计算。

1.2 构建渗流方程

根据上述模型和基本假定,建立相应的地下水渗流运动控制方程:

∂2h∂r2+1r·∂h∂r+α∂2h∂z2=0

式中:h为任意时刻水头;r为径向距离;z为竖向距离;α为承压含水层渗透系数各向异性比,α=kr/kz。

对于承压含水层底部(z=0)与顶部(z=M),将其视为不透水边界,可得第二类边界条件:

∂h(r,0)∂z=0
∂h(r,M)∂z=0

对于外边界r=l处,假定水位不受坑内群井抽水的影响,可得第一类边界条件:

h(l,z)=H1

对于悬挂式止水帷幕,不考虑其渗漏等特性,视为不透水边界。悬挂式止水帷幕与坑内群井构建成墙‒井第一模式。由于止水帷幕的存在,坑外地下水量Q1经过绕流进入坑内。根据渗流连续条件,依照达西定律和质量守恒定律,可得此模型的第二类边界条件:

∂h(r0,z)∂r=0,M-d<z≤M;Q12πr0(M-d)kr,0<z≤M-d

2 渗流方程求解与验证

2.1 渗流方程求解

为方便求解上述模型,令h0=h-H1,h0为止水帷幕下方水头值。则式(1)和边界条件式(2)~(5)可转化为:

∂2h0∂r2+1r·∂h0∂r+α∂2h0∂z2=0
∂h0(r,0)∂z=0
∂h0(r,M)∂z=0
h0(l,z)=0
∂h0(r0,z)∂r=0,M-d<z≤M;Q12πr0(M-d)kr,0<z≤M-d

根据边界条件式(8)、(9)进行有限傅里叶变换,得

h¯=∫0M h0·cos(δz)dz,n≠0
h¯=∫0M h0dz,n=0

式(11)、(12)中:h¯为h0进行有限傅里叶变换后的值;δ为有限傅里叶余弦变换引入的竖向特征值,δ=nπ/M,n为非负整数。

当n≠0时,利用式(11)对式(6)和边界条件式(9)、(10)进行变换,得

∂2h¯∂r2+1r·∂h¯∂r-αδ2h¯=0
h¯(l)=0
∂h¯(r0)∂r=Q1sin(δ(M-d))2πr0krδ(M-d)

将式(15)的偏微分方程转换为0阶虚宗量贝塞尔方程,其通解h¯1为:

h¯1=C1K0(Nr)+C2I0(Nr)

式中,N=δα,K0为0阶虚宗量第二类贝塞尔函数,I0为0阶虚宗量第一类贝塞尔函数,C1和C2均为通解系数。利用虚宗量贝塞尔函数的性质,将边界条件代入通解可得

C1=K1K0(Nl)I0(Nl)K1(Nr0)+I1(Nr0)K0(Nl)
C2=-K1I0(Nl)I0(Nl)K1(Nr0)+I1(Nr0)K0(Nl)

式(17)、(18)中,K1为1阶虚宗量第二类贝塞尔函数,I1为1阶虚宗量第一类贝塞尔函数。

当n=0时,利用式(12)对式(6)和边界条件式(9)、(10)进行变换,得

∂2h¯∂r2+1r·∂h¯∂r=0
h¯(l)=0
∂h¯(r0)∂r=Q12πr0kr

此时,式(21)可直接求解,得通解h¯2为:

h¯2=Q1r0lnrl2πr0krM

利用有限傅里叶逆变换公式和线性变换公式中可得到渗流方程在实域空间的水头解:

h(r,z)=H1+h¯2+∑n=1∞h¯1·cos(δz)

为了便于观察渗流场变化,可将式(23)转化为承压水头降深s为变量的方程,即:

s(r,z)=H1-h(r,z)

同时为了便于工程实际运用,消除z坐标带来的测量误差,利用积分均值定理对式(23)沿承压含水层底部至止水帷幕底部取水头平均值,得

h(r)=H1+h¯2+Q1πr0krM∑n=1∞sin2(δ(M-d))(δ(M-d))2·f(r)  

式中,f(r)为:

f(r)=-I0(Nl)K0(Nr)+K0(Nl)I0(Nr)I0(Nl)K1(Nr0)+I1(Nr0)K0(Nr)

2.2 基坑涌水量求解

根据基本假定,当墙‒井系统开始工作时,承压层坑外地下水补给量Q1与坑内抽水量Q2一致。对于坑内抽水量,根据达西定律,得

Q2=πr02kzi

式中,i为止水帷幕下方处的水力梯度,计算如下:

i=h0-H2L

根据渗流理论,止水帷幕底部与承压层底部均为不透水层,两区域流线方向为水平向,止水帷幕下端水头一致。张志红等[25]通过整理张邦芾[26]室内模型试验结果建立了h0与hw之间的计算公式:

h0=H2+2d(hw-H2)hw-H2+3d

由于止水帷幕插入深度的影响,基坑附近地下水渗流路径也变得复杂。此时,从图1可发现坑内最短和最长渗流路径Lmin和Lmax分别为:

Lmin=d
Lmax=r0+M

不考虑渗流呆滞区的影响,取计算渗流路径为:

L=η(Lmax+Lmin)2

式中,η为渗径影响系数,取值参考Shen等[27]提出的相关计算公式。

当H2和d均已知时,通过式(29)即可用坑外最大降深水位hw表示h0。此时将式(29)代入式(28),然后再将式(28)代入式(27)即可建立起坑内涌水量Q2与坑外最大降深水位hw的联系。对于式(25),令r=r0(基坑半径),则h(r0)=hw,同样可建立起Q1与hw之间的联系。依据渗流连续条件Q1=Q2=Q,联立式(25)与(27)即可变成二元一次方程,利用MATLAB进行编程计算即可求解。此时,便可将抽水量Q与坑外最大降深水位hw一一对应,并建立联系,便于后续分析。

2.3 基坑涌水量对比验证分析

选取5个工程案例来验证上述模型解的合理性,基本工程概况见表1。

工程甲、乙、丙、丁同属杭州深厚圆砾层地区,承压层深厚,水位埋藏浅[27]。其中甲、乙分别为杭州地铁1号线过江隧道南风井和北风井。丙、丁分别为杭州地铁6号线钱江世纪城标准段A区和B区。戊为武汉地铁2号线范湖车站深基坑工程,承压层地下水与长江存在水力联系,是地下水较丰富的地区[28]。

表2为工程实测涌水量与本文模型解的对比。表2中:ΔH为坑内外水头差,ΔH=H1-H2;Q1依据规范[6]按承压层非完整井简化的基坑涌水量计算;Q2为上述模型解计算的基坑涌水量;Q3为现场实测基坑涌水量;Δ1=|Q2-Q3|/Q3×100%;Δ2=|Q1-Q3|/Q3×100%。

从表2可知,模型解计算值与现场实测值吻合较好,误差都在10%以内。对比规范与现场实测值,由于未考虑止水帷幕的隔水作用和土层渗透系各向异性的影响,误差较大。虽然保障了工程的安全,但消耗了过多降水成本[29]。同时,通过表2中的对比发现,当基坑尺寸比和影响半径发生改变时,基坑涌水量也会发生变化。

2.4 水位降深对比验证分析

根据本文基本假定,当墙‒井系统中“大井”的半径取值越小并趋近于抽水井井径时,可将这个“大井”视为非完整抽水井。此时与陈崇希等[30]推导出的承压非完整井稳定流公式进行对比分析,具体参数取表1戊的工程数据,结果见图2。由图2可知,通过改变抽水量取值,本文坑外水位降深解与文献公式在不同径向距离下吻合较好,具有一定适用性。

3 影响因素分析

由表1分析可知,影响深基坑周围渗流的参数主要有悬挂式止水帷幕插入比d/M、承压层渗透系数各向异性比kr /kz 、基坑尺寸比r0/M、稳定水源距离l。因此主要讨论上述4种参数对模型解的影响。在以下分析中以案例甲计算参数进行渗流模型分析。

3.1 止水帷幕插入比的影响

图3为改变止水帷幕插入深度时坑外承压层水位降深等势线图。止水帷幕的设置将承压水分为绕流区和非绕流区两个部分[4],水位降深等势线在绕流区随着插入比的增加分布逐渐加密,并以基坑为中心向右有不同程度的凸起变形,说明此处附近渗流变化较大。随着距止水帷幕插入深度增加,非绕流区水位降深等势线分布逐渐趋近于直线。以上说明止水帷幕的设置改变了基坑附近渗流场的流态,因此深基坑降水设计应考虑止水帷幕的影响。

图4为设置不同止水帷幕插入比时,坑内涌水量和坑外最大水位降深分布。从图4可以发现,止水帷幕的设置对深基坑附近渗流影响显著。在给定坑内设计水位时,随着止水帷幕插入比的增加,坑内涌水量先呈曲线状减少,后近似呈线性减少,分界拐点在0.6到0.7间。坑外最大水位降深的变化趋势类似。对于案例甲而言:若以坑外最大水位降深1 m为安全设计标准,则可设置止水帷幕插入比不小于0.56;若以基坑涌水量3 000 m3/d为施工控制标准,则可设置止水帷幕插入比不小于0.60。

在实际深基坑工程设计施工时,建议开展止水帷幕插入比d/M的优化设计,在满足坑内水位设计的前提下,同时使基坑涌水量与坑外水位降深满足要求,对于降低施工难度和节约施工经济成本有重要意义。

3.2 渗透系数各向异性的影响

图5为在改变承压层渗透系数各向异性比的情况下,坑内涌水量和坑外最大水位降深变化趋势,计算分析时保持竖向渗透系数不变。

从图5可知,随着承压层各向异性程度的加大,基坑涌水量随之先快速下降,受各向异性变化影响显著,随后下降趋势减缓,近似线性变化,大致以kr /kz =4为分界点。坑外最大水位降深的下降趋势与基坑涌水量类似。实际工程地质条件由于地层沉积,承压层渗透系数多存在各向异性,一般来说径向渗透系数往往大于竖向渗透系数。因此,实际基坑工程应考虑渗透系数各向异性的影响,如:在设计基坑封底层时,可利用图5规律减小封底层竖向渗透系数来控制基坑涌水量与坑外最大水位降深[20]。

3.3 基坑尺寸比的影响

图6为不同基坑尺寸下坑内涌水量和坑外最大水位降深的变化情况。本文未考虑基坑形状带来的影响,前述基本假定等效为圆形基坑分析。

由图6可知,在保持止水帷幕插入比和渗透系数各向异性程度不变时,随着基坑尺寸比的不断加大,为了保证坑内水位达到设计要求,基坑涌水量也随之加大,从案例甲的工程参数来看,增长速率趋近直线。坑外最大水位降深随着尺寸比的加大先快速增加,在r0/M>0.8时,增长速率减缓。对于大尺寸基坑,坑内降水对坑外水位渗流影响较大,可适当增加止水帷幕的插入深度来减弱基坑内外水力联系,达到目标控水效果。

3.4 稳定水源的影响

对于滨海临江深大基坑,其与稳定水源的距离常常小于降水影响半径。图7为在不同补给距离比下,坑内涌水量和坑外最大水位降深的变化情况。

从图7可以发现,在保持坑内设计水位不变时,随着与稳定水源的距离越近,基坑涌水量先是稳定缓慢增加,随后快速上升,大致以l/r0=22为拐点。坑外最大水位降深与之相反,先是近似呈稳定线性减少,随后快速下降,同样以l/r0=22左右为分界点。当深基坑距稳定水源越近时,补给延迟效应越小,深基坑周围承压层渗流场越容易受到补给影响,坑内受到的水量补给也就越多,给降水施工带来不小挑战。因此,在实际滨海临江等存在稳定水源的基坑工程,可采用落地式止水帷幕或设置围堰等阻断坑内外水力联系的工程措施保障基坑安全。

4 结 论

本文建立了深大基坑承压层减压降水模型,基于达西定律与渗流连续条件,对地下水运动基本微分方程进行傅里叶变换与逆变换,并引入等效渗流路径,建立起坑内涌水量与坑外水位降深之间的动态联系。随后利用5个工程实例和与已知解的对比分析验证了本文模型解的合理性,基于此得出以下结论:

1)止水帷幕的设置改变了基坑周围承压层地下水渗流状态;随着止水帷幕插入比的增加,坑内涌水量与坑外最大水位降深随之总体呈下降趋势,因此深大基坑降水设计应当考虑止水帷幕的隔水作用。

2)随着渗透系数各向异性的增加,坑内涌水量与坑外最大水位降深呈双曲线状减少。因此实际深大基坑降水设计时应当考虑其带来的影响。

3)随着基坑尺寸比的增加,坑内涌水量大致呈线性增加,坑外最大水位降深先呈曲线状增加,后增速减缓。建议大尺寸基坑可增加止水帷幕插入深度达到控制降水效果。

4)与坑外稳定水源距离越近时,基坑附近承压地下水渗流受其补给影响越显著,坑内涌水量也随之加大,建议采取阻断措施保证坑内降水效果。

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基金资助

福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J01010)

福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J02003)

中铁南方2022年科技创新计划课题(202208)

厦门市科技局项目(2024CXY0115)

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