钢模块单元承插式柱‒柱节点纯剪力学性能研究

魏宏远, 陈浩, 张明亮, 王其良, 周凌宇, 王关朝

工程科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (04) : 315 -326.

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工程科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (04) : 315 -326. DOI: 10.12454/j.jsuese.202400415
水利与土木工程

钢模块单元承插式柱‒柱节点纯剪力学性能研究

    魏宏远1, 2, 陈浩3, 张明亮3, 王其良3, 周凌宇1, 2, 王关朝1, 2
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Research on Pure Shear Mechanical Properties of Socketed Column to Column Connections in Modular Steel Buildings

    Hongyuan WEI1, 2, Hao CHEN3, Mingliang ZHANG3, Qiliang WANG3, Lingyu ZHOU1, 2, Guanchao WANG1, 2
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摘要

为研究钢模块单元承插式柱‒柱节点的受剪性能,开展了两个节点试件的静力加载试验,分析节点的工作机理和应变分布规律。基于ABAQUS有限元软件建立节点有限元模型,通过试验结果验证模型的准确性,并分析插头厚度、承接口厚度、承插深度、浆料强度和钢材屈服强度对节点受剪性能的影响。试验结果表明:注浆能够保证节点的整体性和良好的延性,抗剪刚度达到了952 kN/mm,提高了121%;节点注浆后,主要受力部位的纵向应变和切应变均明显降低,砂浆与插头间的协同受剪能力较强,两者间的界面摩擦和自然黏结抵抗了截面部分剪力,可以有效改善节点的受剪性能。有限元分析结果表明:随着承接口厚度和承插深度的增加,节点的抗剪承载力和抗剪刚度基本保持不变;提高浆料强度能够改善节点的受剪性能,但影响程度有限;增加插头厚度和钢材强度可以显著提升节点的抗剪性能。根据有限元参数分析,提出了考虑插头腹板和浆料贡献的抗剪承载力和抗剪刚度计算公式,并与有限元分析结果进行了对比,验证了公式的准确性。

Abstract

Objective Modular steel construction is an innovative building approach that divides traditional buildings into three-dimensional units. Each modular unit is transported to the construction site for assembly after factory prefabrication is completed. This construction method not only ensures the scalability of building space but also improves the reusability of structural components. It provides advantages such as high construction quality, resource conservation, and environmental sustainability. Therefore, it is widely used in apartments, schools, hotels, and other low-rise buildings. The connections between modules directly affect the overall structural performance and therefore represent a key research focus in modular steel construction. Under large wind loads or strong seismic actions, these connections are subjected primarily to shear forces, and shear failure can become the governing mode of structural failure. Therefore, investigating the mechanical behavior of connections under pure shear loading is essential, as it directly determines the lateral bearing capacity, lateral stiffness, and overall stability of modular steel structures. Methods This study proposes a new type of socket connection composed of an upper-column plug, a lower-column bearing interface, and high-strength bolts. After assembly, the integrity of the connection is further enhanced through grouting. The proposed connection is simple to install, reliable in quality, and characterized by a clear force transmission path, satisfying the requirements of integrated modular building design. Static loading tests are conducted on two specimens to analyze the working mechanism and strain distribution to investigate the shear behavior of socketed column-to-column connections in modular steel buildings. A finite element model of the connection is established using ABAQUS, and its accuracy is validated through comparison to the experimental results. The effects of plug thickness, socket thickness, nesting depth, mortar strength, and steel yield strength on the shear performance of the connection are systematically analyzed. Results and Discussions The test results show that grouting ensures the overall integrity and good ductility of the connection, and the shear stiffness reaches 952 kN/mm, representing an increase of 121%. Grouting significantly reduces both the longitudinal and shear strains in the primary load-bearing regions. A strong synergistic shear resistance develops between the mortar and the plug, while interface friction and natural bonding effectively resist shear forces within the section, enhancing the shear performance of the connection. The maximum longitudinal strain and maximum shear strain of specimen ZJ‒2 are 54% and 50% lower than those of specimen ZJ‒1, respectively. The shear-displacement curves obtained from the finite element analysis and experimental tests show good agreement, with the elastic stages being nearly identical and the shear stiffness error remaining within 10%. At the ultimate bearing state, buckling failure occurs in the plug sections of both specimens ZJ‒1 and ZJ‒2. The top gap between the plug and the bearing interface in specimen ZJ‒1 increases, while the bottom surfaces come into contact. In specimen ZJ‒2, the mortar within the gap and the core region of the connection experiences significant crushing. The finite element analysis results indicate that increasing the socket thickness and nesting depth has little effect on the shear capacity and shear stiffness of the connection. Increasing the mortar strength improves the shear performance of the connection, although the effect remains limited. In contrast, increasing the plug thickness and steel yield strength significantly enhances the shear performance of the connection. When the plug thickness increases from 6 mm to 8, 10, and 12 mm, the shear stiffness increases by 8.7%, 15.5%, and 19.3%, respectively, while the shear capacity increases by 20.5%, 39.7%, and 59.1%, respectively. When the steel yield strength increases from 235 MPa to 345, 390, and 420 MPa, the shear stiffness increases by 22.2%, 34.6%, and 44.4%, respectively, while the shear capacity increases by 36.7%, 50.2%, and 60.7%, respectively. Based on the finite element parametric analysis, calculation formulas for shear capacity and shear stiffness are proposed by considering the contributions of both the plug web plate and mortar. The accuracy of these formulas is verified through comparison to the finite element analysis results. The shear capacity of the new socket column-to-column connection consists of the shear capacity Vs of the plug and the shear capacity Vc of the mortar within the core region of the connection, with the latter accounting for the confinement provided by the steel tube. The initial stiffness of the connection is calculated using the component method. The shear stiffness of the core region is primarily composed of the shear stiffness of the plug web and the mortar, while the contribution of the plug flange to the overall shear stiffness is neglected. The ratio of the finite element analysis results to the theoretical calculations for shear bearing capacity ranges from 1.01 to 1.09, with a mean value of 1.06, a standard deviation of 0.062, and a coefficient of variation of 0.058. Similarly, the ratio of the finite element analysis results to the theoretical calculations for shear stiffness ranges from 1.02 to 1.13, with a mean value of 1.08, a standard deviation of 0.082, and a coefficient of variation of 0.076. These results demonstrate that the proposed formulas for shear capacity and shear stiffness achieve high accuracy and can be used in the shear performance design of this type of socket column-to-column connection. Conclusions This study investigates the interlaminar shear performance of socket column-to-column joints in steel modular units under lateral loading through experimental testing, finite element analysis, and theoretical analysis. The experimental results reveal the deformation characteristics and stress development during the elastic stage under interstory shear forces. The finite element analysis evaluates the influence of parameters such as socket depth, plug thickness, bearing interface thickness, and material properties on shear performance. In addition, calculation methods for shear bearing capacity and shear stiffness are derived, providing valuable references for the engineering application of this new type of socket connection.

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魏宏远, 陈浩, 张明亮, 王其良, 周凌宇, 王关朝. 钢模块单元承插式柱‒柱节点纯剪力学性能研究[J]. 工程科学与技术, 2026, 58(04): 315-326 DOI:10.12454/j.jsuese.202400415

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模块化钢结构建筑是一种将传统房屋划分为三维单元的新型建筑。每个模块单元在工厂预制完成后运输到现场组装。这种模块化建造方式不仅保证了建筑空间的可拓展性,还提高了构件的重复利用率,具有施工质量高、节约资源、绿色环保等优势,已经广泛应用于公寓、学校、酒店等中低层建筑[1‒3]。
模块间的连接方式直接影响结构的整体性能,是模块化钢结构研究的热点。近年来,国内外学者研发了包括焊接连接、法兰连接、铸钢角件连接、对穿螺栓连接在内的多种模块间节点,不仅可以有效地传递由重力、风、地震等荷载产生的弯矩和力,还能够解决多模块间连接难度大、难以快速拼接等问题。林樱等[4]对穿心板式钢管混凝土柱‒钢梁栓焊混合连接节点进行弯剪性能试验,并建立有限元模型,分析了节点的承载能力、刚度、延性等力学性能。Liu等[5]通过试验和有限元分析得到了方钢管柱法兰连接在拉‒弯‒剪组合作用下的破坏形态和承载能力,并分析轴拉比对试件荷载‒位移曲线及弯矩‒转角曲线的影响。Chen[6]和Liu[7]等通过试验和参数化分析,研究了新型角件旋转式节点在拉力和剪力作用下的破坏模式及工作机理,并推导出了抗拉和抗剪承载力的计算公式;丁阳[8]和Dai[9]等通过试验研究了插入式自锁节点在拉力和低周往复荷载作用下的破坏形态、强度、刚度、延性和耗能性能,并在试验的基础上建立简化的力学模型,据此提出了节点的设计建议;王修军等[10]采用试验方法研究了装配式梁柱外环板高强螺栓连接节点在低周往复荷载作用下的破坏模式、延性、耗能、刚度退化等抗震性能指标,提出节点恢复力计算模型。
近年来,大量的试验研究、理论分析都聚焦在节点的抗拔、抗压、抗弯、抗震性能上,而节点的抗剪性作为评估模块化钢结构竖向不规则性的重要因素,相关的研究并不充分。邓恩峰[11]、Deng[12‒13]等对模块间全装配可吊装节点进行受剪性能试验,得到了节点的破坏模式和极限承载力,并在数值模拟的基础上揭示了受剪破坏机理;常鸿飞等[14]提出了一种新型螺纹套筒连接节点,对4组双剪试件进行试验研究,得到了螺纹套筒厚度、屈服强度、连接方式对抗剪性能的影响,并提出承载力计算方法;陈红磊等[15]提出了一种模块间螺栓‒抗剪键节点,通过理论分析得到了双模块连接节点的抗剪承载力的计算方法,并通过数值模拟验证了计算方法的准确性。尽管上述研究揭示了模块间节点的抗剪破坏机理,但在试验设计时试件的剪跨比较大,节点仍处于弯剪受力状态。然而,在较大集中荷载或较强地震作用下,节点受剪切作用明显,剪切破坏可能成为结构破坏的控制条件。节点在纯剪作用下的力学性能决定了模块化结构的抗侧承载力、抗侧刚度及结构的整体稳定性,有必要对其进行深入研究。钢模块单元层间剪力传递如图1所示。图1中,F1、F2、F3分别为作用在各楼层的水平力。
本文提出一种新型承插式节点,由上柱插头、下柱承接口、高强螺栓组成,在装配完成后可通过注胶孔在节点内部注浆增强节点整体性。该节点安装简单,质量可靠,传力路径明确,可以满足模块化建筑一体化设计的要求,已在实际工程项目中得到了应用[16‒18]。目前,对于节点在侧向力作用下的层间抗剪性能的研究亟待开展。因此,本文设计了2个小剪跨比足尺试件,通过试验揭示了其在层间剪力作用下的弹性阶段变形及应力发展,并进行有限元分析,研究了承插深度、插头厚度、承接口厚度、材性等参数对抗剪性能的影响,推导出抗剪承载力和抗剪刚度计算方法,为工程应用提供参考。

1 试验概况

1.1 试件设计

图2为试件设计。图2中,节点拼装方式如下:上柱插头与上柱端板连接,下柱承接口与下柱端板连接,插头插进承接口中,再通过高强螺栓紧固;插头、承接口分别采用160 mm×160 mm×12 mm和200 mm×200 mm×16 mm的方钢管,端板尺寸为200 mm×200 mm×20 mm。为保证节点处于纯剪受力状态,承接口侧面焊接布置尺寸为116 mm×116 mm×25 mm的方钢管作为支撑横梁,支撑横梁可模拟钢模块单元在侧向力作用下的层间剪力传递方式(模块化结构体系中层间剪力主要通过楼板梁和天花板梁传递至节点,如图1所示)。设计并制作2个相同的足尺试件ZJ1、ZJ2进行四节点对称剪切试验(试件每一侧的两个承接口间通过水平高强螺栓连接)。试件设计参数见表1。试件ZJ2为注浆节点,通过预留的螺栓孔注入灌浆料,待插头内部、插头与承接口的间隙内全部注满砂浆后再插入高强螺栓。同时,在易溢出砂浆的部位喷涂密封胶,保证注浆质量。

各部件都采用强度等级为Q355B的钢材,螺栓为10.9级M24高强螺栓。按照《金属材料 拉伸试验 第1部分 室温试验方法》(GB/T 228.1—2021)[19]对不同部位的钢材进行取样,相关力学性能试验结果见表2。依据《混凝土物理力学性能试验方法标准》(GB/T 50081—2019)[20]对高强灌浆料进行多批次留样的材性试验,测得其抗压强度为49.8 MPa。

1.2 加载与量测方案

试验在中南大学高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心进行。加载装置如图3所示。将四节点试件水平放置在试验台上,采用千斤顶对试件施加竖向压力,实现对称剪切作用,剪力可通过横梁和端板传递至节点核心区域。正式加载前先进行预载,保证各部件接触良好与仪器的正常运行。正式加载过程中采用力控制的分级加载制度,加载速度为50 kN/min。

测点示意图如图4所示。图4中:L1测量节点跨中位移,L2、L3测量节点端部位移;1~4号、13~16号应变片监测插头翼板应变分布;5~10号应变花监测插头腹板高度方向的应变分布;11~12号应变花监测承接口受力情况。

2 试验结果分析

2.1 剪力‒位移曲线

图5为剪力‒位移曲线。整个加载过程中,各试件始终处于弹性受力阶段。对于试件ZJ‒1:荷载达到400 kN前,曲线发展趋势较缓,部分高强螺栓与插头内壁相互接触挤压,产生轻微的声响,此时加载位移约为1.5 mm;之后,剪力随着位移线性增加,上升速度加快,插头与高强螺栓共同传递剪力,抗剪刚度达到了430 kN/mm。对于试件ZJ‒2,由于插头内部、插头和承接口的间隙中均注入了砂浆,主要受力构件间的协同受剪作用增强,在很大程度上提高了节点的整体延性,这也使得ZJ‒2承载力增速较快,抗剪刚度达到了952 kN/mm,相比ZJ‒1提高了121%。在加载过程中,考虑到插头的壁厚、材性较大,承载力的安全储备较高,不易发生剪切破坏;受试验加载装置的量程限制,当荷载达到1 800 kN时,停止试验,此时节点仍处于弹性阶段,插头仅出现轻微的弯曲变形,未发生鼓曲等现象,仍可继续承载。故试验部分重点研究节点在弹性阶段的应力及变形情况,后续有限元模拟进一步讨论节点在极限状态下的工作性能。

2.2 应力‒应变曲线

2.2.1 剪力‒纵向应变

图6为插头上下翼板剪力‒纵向应变曲线。试件ZJ‒1和ZJ‒2的应变发展趋势基本一致。在剪切荷载作用下,ZJ‒1上下翼板受力较均匀,拉压区的应变呈线性对称发展,在1 700 kN时达到屈服应变1 703×10-6。与试件ZJ‒1相比,ZJ‒2受压区的应变变化明显减小,在1 700 kN时压应变仅为800×10-6,降低了54%,这是因为砂浆与插头间的协同受剪能力较强,两者间的界面摩擦和自然黏结抵抗了截面部分剪力,能够极大程度延缓节点应变发展。

2.2.2 剪力‒切应变

图7为试件剪跨区腹板的剪力‒切应变曲线。将应变花9~12的切应变转化为负值来分析比较对称测点的切应变发展规律,虚线为屈服应变。结果表明:各试件基本上处于弹性阶段,整体变形对称,故两侧的切应变未出现较大的差异;插头为主要受力构件,各测点应变值与承接口相比明显偏大,承接口的应变发展缓慢,最大切应变仅有200×10-6,一方面是由于其厚度和材性大,另一方面是因为插头和高强螺栓已经承担了大部分的界面纵向剪力;与ZJ‒1相比,ZJ‒2插头最大切应变降低了近50%,足以说明节点注浆对试件抗剪性能影响显著。

3 有限元分析

3.1 有限元模型

利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立节点受剪模型(半跨),如图8所示。各部件单元类型为C3D8R,插头网格尺寸为17 mm,承接口网格尺寸为14 mm,高强螺栓网格尺寸为8 mm。部件间的焊接采用“Tie”模拟,包括插头与端板、承接口与端板、横梁与承接口等。其他接触关系采用“surface‒to‒surface”接触,包括螺杆与孔壁,螺栓、钢材、浆料之间的相互作用,法向设置为硬接触,切向采用“罚”模拟,摩擦系数取0.3[21]。为模拟实际受力,在支撑处设置完全固定约束(Ux =Uy =Uz =URx =URy =URz =0,Ux 、Uy 、Uz 分别为x、y、z方向的平动自由度,URx 、URy 、URz 分别为x、y、z方向的转动自由度),端板处约束z方向的平动自由度和y方向的转动自由度(Uz =URy =0)。在加载点处设置参考点RP‒1和RP‒2,与端板表面耦合,采用位移控制加载(F为试加的荷载)。

图9为钢材、高强螺栓、浆料的应力‒应变曲线。钢材采用三折线模型,如图9(a)所示[22]。高强螺栓采用理想弹塑性模型,如图9(b)所示。浆料采用塑性损伤模型(CDP),如图9(c)所示[23]。图9中,σ、ε分别为应力、应变,εy、εu分别为屈服应变、极限应变,fc,r、ft,r、εc,r、εt,r、εcu分别为混凝土的单轴抗压强度、单轴抗拉强度、峰值压应变、峰值拉应变、极限压应变。插头、承接口、高强螺栓的材料属性见表2,浆料的抗压强度为49.8 MPa。

3.2 模型验证

图10为有限元分析与试验的剪力‒位移曲线对比。由图10可知,有限元分析和试验的剪力‒位移曲线吻合较好,弹性阶段基本重合,抗剪刚度误差在10%以内。试验值与有限元计算结果的对比如表3所示。表3中,Kini,EXP、Kini,FEM分别为试验和有限元的抗剪刚度,Pu,EXP、Pu,FEM分别为试验和有限元的极限荷载值。有限元分析中的模型试件可持续加载至截面破坏,故曲线仍有较长的延伸。在极限状态下,ZJ‒1和ZJ‒2的插头截面均已发生屈曲破坏。ZJ‒1插头和承接口的顶部间隙不断增大,底部两者相互接触;ZJ‒2间隙内和节点核心区的浆料出现明显压碎,其破坏形态如图11所示。

3.3 参数分析

以试件ZJ‒2为基准,研究插头厚度(模型A‒1~A‒3)、承接口厚度(模型B‒1~B‒3)、承插深度(模型C‒1~C‒3)、浆料强度(模型D‒1~D‒3)、钢材强度(模型E‒1~E‒3)对节点受剪性能的影响,参数取值详见表4。不同参数下节点的剪力‒位移曲线如图12所示。

3.3.1 插头厚度

图12(a)为不同插头厚度下的节点剪力‒位移曲线。比较发现,随着插头厚度的增加,抗剪刚度和抗剪承载力逐渐提高。当插头厚度从6 mm增加到8、10、12 mm时,节点的抗剪刚度分别提高8.7%、15.5%、19.3%,抗剪承载力分别提高20.5%、39.7%、59.1%。这是由于插头为主要受力部位,尤其是腹板承担了节点核心区绝大部分的剪力,同时增加插头厚度可以加强对核心区砂浆的约束作用,改善节点受剪性能。

3.3.2 承接口厚度

图12(b)为不同承插口厚度下的节点剪力‒位移曲线。比较发现,随着承接口厚度的增加,节点的抗剪刚度和抗剪承载力基本没有变化。当承接口厚度从10 mm增加到16 mm,抗剪刚度仅提高0.8%,抗剪承载力仅提高1.5%。通过第2.2节的应力‒应变曲线(图6、7)及图11的有限元应力云图不难看出,承接口在节点受剪状态下的应力水平较低,未达到屈服值,并不是主要受力部位。其在高强螺栓的紧固连接下对插头起到了良好的约束作用,增强了节点的整体性。

3.3.3 承插深度

图12(c)为不同承插深度下的节点剪力‒位移曲线。承插深度是指插头插入承接口中的长度。比较发现,改变承插深度对于节点抗剪性能的影响不大。这是因为节点的剪跨比较小,只有插头外露段承受较大的剪力,而无论怎样改变承插深度,插头外露段的长度都保持不变,所以节点抗剪性能无显著变化。当剪跨比提高后,节点的破坏模式和性能受承插深度的影响较大,常鸿飞等[14]在对于节点弯剪性能的研究中已进行了阐述。

3.3.4 浆料强度

图12(d)为不同浆料强度下的节点剪力‒位移曲线。比较发现,增加浆料强度,节点的抗剪刚度无明显变化,抗剪承载力略微提高。当浆料强度从30 MPa增加到40、50、60 MPa时,抗剪承载力分别提高2.6%、9.6%、13.2%,与增加钢材强度相比,增加浆料强度对于节点的抗剪性能影响有限。

3.3.5 钢材屈服强度

图12(e)为不同钢材强度下的节点剪力‒位移曲线。比较发现,节点的抗剪刚度和抗剪承载力随着钢材强度的增加而提高。当钢材强度从235 MPa增加到345、390、420 MPa时,抗剪刚度分别提高22.2%、34.6%、44.4%,抗剪承载力分别提高36.7%、50.2%、60.7%。这是因为插头的强度决定了其在剪切过程中塑性变形区域的大小和分布情况。强度较低时,可能会出现大范围的局部塑性变形,导致节点整体失稳和破坏。

4 理论分析

4.1 抗剪承载力计算方法

4.1.1 插头抗剪承载力

由有限元分析结果可知,当节点达到极限状态时,插头基本上全截面屈服,而承接口还处于较低的应力水平,因此主要考虑插头的抗剪贡献。插头腹板在切应力作用下的受力状态如图13所示。图13中,R为应力圆半径,大小等于切应力τ的大小。

在此过程中,主拉应力σ1和主压应力σ3如式(1)、(2)所示,达到极限状态前满足Mises屈服准则(式(3))。

σ1=σ2+σ22+τ2
σ3=σ2-σ22+τ2
σy=σ12+σ32-σ1σ3

式(1)~(3)中,σy为插头抗拉屈服强度。将式(1)代入式(3),可得τ为:

τ=(σy2-σ2)3

式中,σ=0。故可推导出插头贡献的抗剪承载力Vs为:

Vs=2∫0hwτ(x)twdx=233fytwhw

式中,tw为插头截面厚度,hw为插头截面高度,τ(x)为沿x方向的单位切应力。

4.1.2 浆料抗剪承载力

参考Zhang等[24]和韩林海[25]的研究成果,在现有的钢管混凝土抗剪承载力计算公式的基础上,考虑钢管和浆料的协同工作效应,从而得到节点核心区浆料的抗剪承载力Vc为:

Vc=0.2γvAcfc
γv=0.953 7+0.161 5ln ξ
ξ=AsfyAcfck

式(6)~(8)中,Ac为浆料截面积,fc为浆料抗压强度,γv为浆料抗剪承载力的修正系数,ξ为截面约束效应系数,As为插头截面积,fck为浆料轴心抗压强度标准值。

综上所述,本文提出的新型承插式柱‒柱节点,其受剪承载力由插头的抗剪承载力Vs和节点核心区浆料的抗剪承载力Vc两部分组成,后者考虑了钢管的约束作用。节点受剪承载力计算公式如下:

Vu=Vs+Vc=233fytwhw+0.2γvAcfc

式中,Vu为节点受剪承载力,Vs为插头提供的抗剪承载力。

4.2 抗剪刚度计算方法

基于组件法[26]及Fan[27]、赵均海[28]、郑宏[29]等的研究成果计算节点初始刚度,节点核心区抗剪刚度主要由插头腹板抗剪刚度和浆料抗剪刚度组成,各组件受力变形模型如图14所示,图14中,δs、δc分别为插头腹板和浆料的变形。

忽略插头翼缘对节点核心区抗剪刚度的贡献。在剪力作用下,节点核心区的受力Vu和变形δu满足如下关系式:

Vu=Vs+Vc
δu=δs=δc
Ks=Vsδs
Kc=Vcδc

式(10)~(13)中,Ks、Kc分别为插头腹板和浆料的抗剪刚度。

根据材料力学[30]推导δs、δc为:

δs=32·VszsGsAs
δc=32·VczcGcAc

式中,zs、zc为插头腹板和浆料的剪切高度,As、Ac为插头腹板和浆料的有效抗剪面积,Gs、Gc为插头腹板和浆料的剪切模量。联立式(10)~(15)可得节点核心区抗剪刚度Ku如下所示:

Ku=Ks+Kc=4EsAs7.8zs+2GcAc3zc

式中,Es为插头腹板的弹性模量。

4.3 公式验证

图15为抗剪承载力有限元分析值,图16和17分别为抗剪承载力、抗剪刚度理论计算结果和有限元分析结果的对比。抗剪承载力有限元分析结果和理论计算结果的比值介于1.01~1.09,均值为1.06,标准差为0.062,变异系数为0.058;抗剪刚度有限元分析结果和理论计算结果的比值介于1.02~1.13,均值为1.08,标准差为0.082,变异系数为0.076。这表明抗剪承载力和抗剪刚度计算公式精度较高,可用于该类承插式柱‒柱节点受剪性能设计。理论计算结果偏保守,这是因为忽略了插头翼缘的抗剪贡献。

5 结 论

1)试验结果表明,节点注浆后,砂浆与插头的协同工作性能良好,较无浆节点,其抗剪刚度提高了121%,插头最大纵向应变降低了54%,最大切应变降低了50%。

2)采用ABAQUS建立的数值模型能较好地反映承插式柱‒柱节点的受剪性能,抗剪刚度模拟值与试验值的误差在10%以内。极限状态下,节点核心区的浆料明显压溃,插头截面发生屈曲破坏。

3)数值分析结果表明:承接口厚度和承插深度对于节点的受剪性能影响不大;适当增加插头厚度和钢材强度可以明显提高节点的抗剪承载力和抗剪刚度。

4)基于插头腹板和浆料的抗剪贡献,提出了承插式柱‒柱节点的抗剪承载力和抗剪刚度计算公式。理论计算值和有限元分析值吻合较好,验证了公式的准确性。

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