Objective In the context of node localization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the non-range-based DV‒Hop algorithm exhibits significant localization errors due to inaccuracies in hop count estimation and the neglect of actual node distances. This study proposes a modified DV‒Hop algorithm that incorporates distance correction and a spider wasp optimization (SWO) algorithm to address these limitations. The objective is to improve the accuracy of node localization and enhance the overall performance of the DV‒Hop algorithm, making it more reliable in practical deployment scenarios. Methods The proposed algorithm comprised two main components: distance correction and optimization using SWO. First, the traditional hop count calculation was improved by adopting the Jaccard coefficient as the metric to enhance the accuracy of hop count estimation. The Jaccard coefficient, a well-established similarity measure, ensured that the hop count reflected a more accurate estimate of the network's topology. After acquiring the hop count information, a credibility calculation was introduced to adjust the hop distances, enabling a more accurate representation of the actual distances between nodes. SWO was incorporated to refine the node position calculation and improve the precision of the DV‒Hop algorithm. The initialization of the SWO population was enhanced by a chaos mapping-based reverse learning strategy, which ensured that the population was more uniformly distributed across the search space. During the position update process, adaptive weighting was applied to optimize the convergence speed. Following the mating operation, Cauchy‒Gaussian mutation disturbance was introduced to the positions of the best individuals in the Spider Wasp swarm to prevent premature convergence to local optima. Results and Discussions The proposed algorithm significantly outperformed the conventional DV‒Hop algorithm and other related methods in terms of localization accuracy and energy efficiency. The use of the Jaccard coefficient for hop count estimation improved the precision of distance calculation, while the credibility adjustment further enhanced the accuracy of node localization. The integration of SWO, with its improved population initialization and adaptive weighting mechanism, contributed to faster convergence and more precise localization results. In the simulation experiments, the proposed algorithm reduced the localization error by 30.0%, 33.0%, 37.2%, 38.9%, and 45.9%, respectively, compared to the traditional DV‒Hop localization algorithm under five different conditions: varying area size, region shape, number of anchor nodes, communication radius, and total number of nodes. At the same time, the algorithm's running time improved by 0.73 seconds. The incorporation of the chaos mapping strategy in the SWO initialization phase helped achieve a more evenly distributed population, reducing the risk of suboptimal solutions. The introduction of Cauchy‒Gaussian mutation after the mating operation prevented the algorithm from becoming trapped in local optima, ensuring better exploration of the solution space. Conclusions This study presents a novel hybrid localization algorithm that combines distance correction with spider SWO to enhance the DV‒Hop algorithm. The integration of the Jaccard coefficient to improve hop count accuracy, combined with the application of SWO using chaos mapping-based initialization, adaptive weighting, and Cauchy‒Gaussian mutation, significantly enhances localization precision and energy efficiency. The proposed algorithm exhibits robustness to environmental variations and network dynamics, establishing its effectiveness for real-world wireless sensor network localization tasks. The findings indicate that the algorithm provides a promising solution for increasing the accuracy and reliability of node localization in large-scale WSNs.
因此,本文提出了一种融合测距修正和蜘蛛蜂优化的改进DV‒Hop算法(DV‒Hop localization algorithm integrated with range correction and spider wasp optimization,SWODV‒Hop),先利用杰卡德系数有效控制节点间的跳数信息,减小节点间跳数不合理对定位结果造成的误差,再通过可信度计算来调整跳距,以更准确地反映节点间的实际距离。此外,引入蜘蛛蜂优化算法并利用多种策略对其进行改进,计算节点位置,从而提升算法寻优效率和定位精度。
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