Objective Reinforced concrete structures remain highly vulnerable to chloride ion corrosion during prolonged service life. Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) demonstrates enhanced durability, making it well-suited for complex environments and rigorous engineering demands. This study seeks to clarify the influence of fiber incorporation on the concrete matrix and to examine the variation in bond performance between different types of FRC and corroded steel reinforcement. Methods A total of 36 specimens were designed for basic mechanical performance testing, and eccentric pull-out tests were conducted on 48 prism specimens subjected to varying corrosion rates (0, 2%, 5%, and 10%). The corrosion of the steel reinforcement was accelerated using electrochemical methods. Stirrups were incorporated into the specimens without insulation or oxygen isolation treatment to simulate actual engineering conditions. A corrosion current density of 200 μA/cm² was maintained. The relationship between the applied time and the theoretical corrosion rate was determined based on Faraday's law. After reaching the predetermined corrosion time, the specimens were dried and then subjected to pull-out tests. The pull-out force was measured using sensors on the testing machine, while two Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs) recorded slip values. Tests were performed using a displacement-controlled loading method at a rate of 0.5 mm/min, and the pull-out process was terminated when the pull-out force stabilized or the specimen failed. Surface changes and failure modes were documented. The bonded steel was extracted, rust was removed through acid washing, and the actual corrosion rate of the steel reinforcement was calculated using the mass loss method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was then employed for microscopic analysis of the bonded interface after failure. SEM observations revealed the microstructure of the basalt-polypropylene fiber-cement interfacial transition zone, as well as the distribution and post-failure morphology of the fibers, which further clarified the fiber action mechanisms. Based on the experimental results and incorporating the corrosion damage factor, semi-empirical and semi-theoretical bond strength prediction formulas, together with a three-segment bond-slip constitutive model, were developed for different fiber incorporations. These models generally maintained errors within 20%, which confirmed their effectiveness and accuracy. Results and Discussions In terms of mechanical properties, fiber bridging effectively inhibited crack development and dispersed the applied loads. The incorporation of basalt fibers (BF) and polypropylene fibers (PF) into the concrete resulted in a more pronounced improvement in splitting tensile strength, with splitting tensile strength and flexural strength increasing by 12.43%~18.65% and 5.36%~9.64%, respectively. BF restricted the initiation and propagation of microcracks, while PF primarily limited the expansion of macrocracks after their formation, demonstrating a positive synergistic effect of PF+BF. An analysis of the specimens' appearance after corrosion indicated that corrosion products accumulated between the steel reinforcement and the concrete. As corrosion advanced, rust-induced swelling cracks formed on the concrete surface, accompanied by the overflow of reddish-brown rust products. The incorporation of fibers modified the concrete's porosity and permeability, and factors such as corrosion discretization caused actual corrosion rates to be lower than theoretical values. Due to the bridging effect of fibers and the lateral confinement provided by stirrups, all specimens failed in splitting pull-out. FRC specimens exhibited finer and fewer cracks than normal concrete (NC) specimens. Primary cracks extended toward the concrete side and, as the load increased, developed into longitudinal through-cracks parallel to the steel reinforcement, ultimately leading to the ductile failure of the specimens. Bond strength degraded significantly with increasing corrosion rates in terms of bond performance. When the corrosion rate reached approximately 5%, the bond strength of BPFRC decreased to 87% of that of the non-corroded specimens. When steel mass loss ranged between 6% and 7%, the bond strength of NC decreased by an average of 18.1%. Under corrosive conditions, the bond strength of FRC increased by 11.1%~27.6% compared to NC, with BPFRC exhibiting improvements of 19.9%~27.6%, which was 5.2%~11.8% higher than that of specimens with single PF or BF additions, indicating a positive synergistic effect. In addition, FRC demonstrated higher initial and secant bond stiffness. At an average corrosion rate of 1.65%, the accumulation of corrosion products increased the friction between the steel reinforcement and the concrete, which resulted in an increase in the initial bond stiffness of BPFRC, PFRC, and BFRC by 4.2%, 5.2%, and 8.0%, respectively. However, as corrosion progressed, cracking of the protective layer significantly reduced concrete confinement and interface friction. At a corrosion rate of 6.56%, the secant bond stiffness of BPFRC and NC decreased by 43.3% and 39.0%, respectively, while the initial bond stiffness was less affected, decreasing by 5.0%~11.8%. Under the same lateral confinement conditions, FRC exhibited a more gradual decline and higher residual bond strength compared to NC. Fiber incorporation effectively delayed specimen failure, absorbed part of the energy, and provided additional structural support. No consistent patterns were identified in the changes of slip amounts among different FRCs and NC under identical corrosion conditions, where an initial increase was followed by a decrease. This behavior was partly influenced by concrete cracking but remained relatively stable. Conclusions The experimental results confirm that corrosion damage is a critical factor influencing the bond performance between steel reinforcement and concrete. As the corrosion rate increases, bond degradation becomes more severe. Fiber-reinforced concrete, compared to normal concrete, demonstrates improvements in both fundamental mechanical properties and bond performance after corrosion damage. Appropriate fiber additions mitigate initial defects in the concrete and effectively suppress crack propagation. A bond strength prediction formula and a constitutive relationship for fiber-reinforced concrete under corrosion influence were established. This research provides data support for evaluating the performance of BF-PF reinforced concrete and provides a theoretical basis for practical engineering applications.
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