1.State Key Laboratory of Geological Disaster Prevention and Geological Environment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2.National Geological Engineering Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
Objective The creep of rock mass is very important for long-term project stability, and the constitutive model best reflects the mechanical characteristics and deformation patterns of the rock creep process. In recent years, extensive studies on creep characteristics of rocks have been conducted, and many creep constitutive models have been derived from classical elastoplastic mechanics. These models reveal the creep behavior of specific rocks, but they often do not sufficiently take the influence of creep parameters into account, or they overlook the certain factorsduring researchs, so establishing a model that comprehensively incorporates parameters and accurately reveals the creep mechanical behavior of rocks is of significant value. Methods The Nishihara model in the classical elastoplastic framework was selected, and damage was introduced to compensate for its inability to reveal the nonlinear creep characteristics of rocks. The Weibull distribution function was applied as the damage statistical function, and the SMP criterion was adopted as the strength criterion of sandstone to derive the damage variables under three-dimensional conditions. A conventional triaxial compression test was conducted using the MTS-815 rock rigidity testing machine, and the applicability of the damage statistical model was verified by comparing the compression test results with the damage evolution curve. The yield function was applied to fit the yield surface of sandstone to determine the yield stress under each confining pressure, and a fracture plastic body was incorporated to represent the plastic deformation of the primary fracture. The components of each part of the model were then integrated to derive the constitutive equation in accordance with the mechanical boundary. The STAC600-600 rock rheology testing machine was utilized to perform the rock classification rheological test, and the fitting results of the creep model were analyzed. The model parameters were optimized to improve the fitting accuracy. Finally, the fitting results of this model were compared to those of other models to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the approach. Results and Discussions The damage variables derived from the SMP criterion and Weibull distribution function showed strong consistency with the rock deformation behavior under conventional triaxial compression. Damage did not develop during the early loading stage, and when the deviator stress exceeded the yield stress, damage developed rapidly until destruction ofwhole rock was happened. The damage evolution trend indicated that the fracture unit of the rock accumulated rapidly once the deviator stress reached the yield limit, and the rate of damage accumulation varied under different confining pressures, with lower confining pressure leading to a faster accumulation rate. The improved Nishihara model was applied to fit the creep deformation curve and produced satisfactory results; however, the fitting results of the accelerated creep curve under 8, 12, and 20 MPa confining pressures all shifted forward. The Poisson ratio μ was refitted as a function related to confining pressure, and the accuracy improved significantly. An algebraic relationship existed between the key model parameters u and m and the confining pressure, and the constitutive parameters under each confining pressure were obtained after establishing this relationship. Compared to the fitting results of the other two models, the fitting accuracy of this model was higher, and the variable “time”, which often caused errors, did not participate in the parameter calculation. The damage parameters were directly related to stress and strain, which improved accuracy to a certain extent. Conclusions The results indicate that the damage statistical creep constitutive model accurately fits the creep deformation characteristics of rocks under three-dimensional conditions, expands the range of influencing factors for constitutive parameters, and provides practical guidance for related engineering applications.
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