环境温度对钢管约束混凝土柱抗震性能影响机理试验

王力 ,  胡琦 ,  潘启仁 ,  顾皓玮 ,  翟启远 ,  虞庐松 ,  亢二聪

工程科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (02) : 203 -214.

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工程科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (02) : 203 -214. DOI: 10.12454/j.jsuese.202500038
水利与土木工程

环境温度对钢管约束混凝土柱抗震性能影响机理试验

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Experimental Study on the Influence Mechanism of Ambient Temperature on the Seismic Performance of Steel Tube Confined Concrete Columns

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摘要

为研究环境温度对钢管约束混凝土柱抗震性能的影响机理,开展了不同环境温度(-40、20、60 ℃)下9组钢管约束混凝土柱的拟静力试验,通过分析各试件的破坏形态、水平承载力、刚度退化、耗能能力等指标,揭示了环境温度对钢管约束混凝土柱抗震性能的影响机理;并根据试验结果,提出了考虑环境温度影响的钢管约束混凝土柱水平承载力计算公式。结果表明:1)钢管约束混凝土柱的材料特性及钢‒混接触面黏结性能随环境温度的改变而改变,相比于常温工况,高温、低温工况下的试件延性均呈不同幅度下降,但下降的机理并不相同;2)高温(60 ℃)工况下,由于混凝土强度与钢-混凝土界面黏结强度均降低,导致试件水平承载力和延性系数分别最大降低了4.25%和5.27%;3)低温(-40 ℃)工况下,由于试件材料强度提高,以及温度附加套箍效应的作用,试件水平承载力最大提高了20.88%,但延性系数降低了37.52%。提出的考虑环境温度影响的钢管约束混凝土柱水平承载力计算修正公式具有较好的可靠性和准确性,可为高寒地区钢管约束混凝土结构的设计提供必要依据。

Abstract

Objective Steel tube confined concrete (STCC) columns have an increasingly broad application prospect in high-cold and high-intensity areas. In steel-concrete composite structures, the cooperative behavior of steel and concrete is an essential prerequisite for the normal stress performance of such structures. However, due to the influence of ambient temperature on the mechanical properties of steel and concrete and the interaction at their interface, the seismic performance of the structure cannot be ignored. Therefore, to investigate the influence of ambient temperature on the seismic performance of steel tube confined concrete columns, quasi-static tests of steel tube confined concrete columns under different ambient temperatures are conducted. Based on the test results, the influence of ambient temperature on the seismic indices of the specimens is analyzed, and the underlying mechanism by which ambient temperature affects the seismic performance of steel tube confined concrete columns is revealed. In addition, a modified formula for calculating the horizontal bearing capacity of steel tube confined concrete columns considering temperature effects is proposed to provide a necessary basis for the seismic design of steel tube confined concrete structures in high-cold and high-intensity areas. Methods A set of quasi-static test devices suitable for different ambient temperatures was designed and developed. Quasi-static tests on nine steel tube confined concrete columns were conducted, with ambient temperature and concrete strength selected as the primary research parameters. Comparative tests were performed on three groups of steel tube confined concrete columns under different environmental temperature conditions (-40 °C, 20 °C, and 60 °C) and three groups with different concrete strengths (C40, C50, and C60). The influence mechanism of ambient temperature on the seismic performance of steel tube confined concrete columns was systematically revealed by comparing and analyzing seismic performance indices, including failure mode, horizontal bearing capacity, ductility performance, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation capacity of each specimen. Considering the limitation that existing calculation methods for the horizontal bearing capacity of steel tube confined concrete columns did not consider the influence of ambient temperature, the temperature influence coefficient of horizontal bearing capacity was regressed based on the test results in this study. The existing calculation formula for horizontal bearing capacity was multiplied by the temperature influence coefficient k0, and the accuracy and reliability of the proposed formula were verified through comparisons with the experimental results of this study and other reported test results in the literature. Results and Discussions The failure modes of specimens under identical temperature conditions were similar and were characterized by typical compression-bending plastic hinge failure. Under all temperature conditions, buckling occurred 10~30 mm above the stiffener at the base of the specimens, with initial local buckling gradually propagating toward both sides. Higher concrete strength resulted in more pronounced local buckling above the stiffener. In addition, steel tube tearing was observed under all temperature conditions. Under normal and high temperature conditions, tearing occurred in the middle of the buckled region, whereas under low temperature conditions, cracks developed along the lower side of the buckle, which was attributed to the significant increase in concrete strength in cold environments. Compared to normal temperature conditions, under low temperature conditions (-40 °C), the initial stiffness and horizontal bearing capacity of the specimens increased by 16.23% and 20.88%, respectively. However, the displacement ductility coefficient decreased by 37.52%, indicating a substantial reduction in ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Under high temperature conditions (60 °C), the initial stiffness and horizontal bearing capacity decreased by 12.52% and 4.25%, respectively, while the displacement ductility coefficient decreased by 5.27%, accompanied by a reduction in energy dissipation capacity. Although increasing concrete strength enhanced horizontal bearing capacity, its overall influence on the seismic performance of steel tube confined concrete columns remained relatively limited. The calculated values obtained using existing formulas showed relative errors of no more than 9% when compared to experimental results under normal temperature conditions, satisfying engineering accuracy requirements. However, under high and low temperature conditions, the maximum relative error between calculated and experimental values reached 21.73%, demonstrating the necessity of considering ambient temperature effects and modifying the existing horizontal bearing capacity calculation formulas accordingly. Conclusions Ambient temperature has a significant influence on the seismic performance of steel tube confined concrete columns. Ambient temperature and concrete strength exhibit different degrees of influence on the initial stiffness, horizontal bearing capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of the specimens. These effects are mainly attributed to the additional hoop constraint induced by ambient temperature variations and the corresponding changes in material properties. The ductility of steel tube confined concrete columns under different ambient temperatures is lower than that observed at room temperature; however, the underlying mechanisms of degradation differ. In low-temperature environments, the increased brittleness of the core concrete and the accelerated accumulation of damage lead to a significant reduction in ductility. In high-temperature environments, the reduction in the viscous performance of the steel concrete interface weakens the confinement effect of the outer steel tube on the core concrete, resulting in decreased ductility. A modified formula for calculating the horizontal bearing capacity of steel tube confined concrete columns that considers the influence of ambient temperature is proposed. The relative error between the calculated and experimental values is less than 10%, indicating good agreement and providing a theoretical basis for the design of this type of structure in alpine regions. The design of steel tube confined concrete structures in alpine regions should comprehensively consider the effects of temperature-induced additional confinement and temperature-induced material property changes on the mechanical behavior of the structure.

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关键词

钢管约束混凝土柱 / 环境温度 / 拟静力试验 / 抗震性能 / 水平承载力 / 温度附加套箍效应

Key words

steel tube confined concrete column / ambient temperature / quasi-static test / seismic performance / horizontal bearing capacity / temperature-induced additional constraint effects

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王力,胡琦,潘启仁,顾皓玮,翟启远,虞庐松,亢二聪. 环境温度对钢管约束混凝土柱抗震性能影响机理试验[J]. 工程科学与技术, 2026, 58(02): 203-214 DOI:10.12454/j.jsuese.202500038

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钢管约束混凝土(steel tube confined concrete, STCC)是在钢管内填充混凝土,钢管不直接承担纵向荷载,仅对核心混凝土起约束作用的一种组合结构。相较于传统钢管混凝土柱,钢管约束混凝土柱不仅保持了传统组合柱在静力、抗震和抗火等方面的优势,并且由于钢管约束混凝土柱中钢管不直接承受外荷载,能避免钢管发生屈曲,有效降低设计与施工难度,因此在中国的工程建设中得到了广泛应用[1]。随着新时代西部大开发战略不断推进,这类结构在西北高寒、高烈度地区的应用前景尤为广阔。
中国西北地区年温差大,冬季严寒、干燥,而夏季高温、热辐射强,同时,由于地壳板块运动的影响,地震活动频繁[2]。钢管约束混凝土柱利用薄壁钢管对核心混凝土提供主动约束的特点,在高寒地区的应用有显著优势和广阔前景。对于钢管约束混凝土结构,钢管与核心混凝土之间的协同作用是保证其力学性能的关键[35]。已有研究表明,环境温度对钢管和混凝土的材料性能影响显著:低温环境下由于温度附加套箍效应的作用会使约束作用增强;高温环境下钢‒混凝土界面可能会发生脱黏滑移、脱空行为。
目前,国内外学者针对钢管约束混凝土柱抗震性能的研究主要集中于截面形状、内置钢筋/型钢、柱‒RC梁框架结构/节点、材料性能、加固等方面。王秋维[67]、戴岩[8]、聂少锋[9]、刘坚[10]等通过开展试验及有限元分析,分别采用布置阻尼器,内置型钢、环梁、外套管等对钢管约束混凝土柱节点进行增强、保护,并开展参数分析,给出了各种形式对节点保护的优势所在。Bu[11]和周绪红[12]等通过试验和数值分析,对钢管约束钢筋自应力混凝土柱和钢管约束型钢高强混凝土柱抗震性能进行研究,分析了轴压比、径厚比、长细比等参数对试件抗震性能的影响。臧兴震[13]、Xu[14]、Chen[15]、Feng[16]等采用外包钢管、FRP对钢管约束混凝土柱进行约束加固,分析了各参数对构件的影响,为该种加固方式的应用提供依据。欧智菁[17]、王宇航[18]等分别对钢管约束混凝土柱进行了试验和数值分析,研究混合接头方式及轴压比等设计参数对构件抗震性能的影响规律。王静峰[1920]、史艳莉[21]等对不同钢管混凝土结构柱进行试验,对椭圆截面、框架及中空夹层等结构的滞回性能进行了探究。
不同环境温度对钢‒混凝土组合柱力学性能影响显著。Yan[2223]、严加宝[2425]等从截面形状、材料性能角度开展了-90~30 ℃下各种类型钢管混凝土的轴压试验和推出试验,分析了低温环境对试件的轴压承载力以及黏结强度的影响规律。Wang[2628]、Zhang[29]、Song[30]和Parsa-Sharif[31]等对钢管混凝土柱火灾后的力学性能进行试验,并通过有限元进行参数分析,得到不同参数对于试件耐火性能的影响,发现火灾的高温会完全破坏钢管和核心混凝土之间的黏结性能。柯晓军等[32]开展了6个高温后方钢管再生混凝土柱的拟静力试验,结果表明,再生粗骨料取代率对试件抗震性能的影响不大,而受热温度对其影响显著,受热温度为300 ℃时的损伤程度、性能劣化最为突出。虞庐松等[33]开展了低温工况下钢管混凝土柱拟静力试验,探索了环境温度对钢管混凝土柱抗震性能的影响规律。
现行对于钢管约束混凝土柱力学性能的研究主要集中于常温工况,针对不同环境温度工况下钢管约束混凝土柱力学性能的研究相对较少。然而,钢‒混凝土组合柱力学性能受环境温度影响显著。为了保证钢管约束混凝土结构在高寒高烈度区安全服役,自主开发了不同环境温度下的组合柱拟静力试验装置,开展不同环境温度(-40、20、60 ℃)下钢管约束混凝土柱拟静力试验,分析环境温度对试件各项抗震指标的影响规律,探究环境温度对钢管约束混凝土柱抗震性能的影响规律,揭示环境温度对钢管约束混凝土柱抗震性能的影响机理,提出考虑温度影响的钢管约束混凝土柱水平承载力计算修正公式,以期为高寒高烈度区钢管约束混凝土结构的抗震设计提供必要依据。

1 试验概况

1.1 试件设计

为研究环境温度对钢管约束混凝土柱抗震性能的影响,对不同设计参数的钢管约束混凝土柱开展不同温度作用的拟静力试验。共设计9根圆钢管约束混凝土柱构件,钢管外径为D=140 mm,钢管厚度t=3 mm,柱高L=1 200 mm,各个试件具体设计参数见表1,试件构造如图1所示。

1.2 材料力学性能

试验钢材选用Q345,核心混凝土配合比见表2,水泥采用P·O42.5(低碱)硅酸盐水泥。试验所采用钢管的材料性能按照标准《金属材料 拉伸试验》(GB/T 228.1—2021)[34]和规范[35]要求在钢管上截取钢条,进行单向拉伸试验;混凝土材料性能按照标准《混凝土物理力学性能试验方法》(GB/T 50081—2019)[36]进行抗压强度试验。实测的材料性能指标见表1(取值为每组算术平均值)。

1.3 加载装置及试验温控装置

为了保证在开展不同环境温度试验时试件恒温,自主开发了常温、低温和高温工况试验装置,加载装置示意图见图2。整个加载系统由水平向加载装置与竖向加载装置组成,水平往复荷载与竖向恒定荷载分别通过电液伺服作动器和100 t千斤顶进行施加,如图2(a)所示。底部限位钢板与两块刚性压梁通过6根锚杆固定后形成柱底限位装置,试件与底部限位钢板通过8个高强螺栓连接,柱顶与作动器通过特制的钢抱箍进行连接。采用反力梁施加柱轴力,该装置的优势在于其底部转动铰的存在,使得反力梁位置在加载过程中可以跟随柱顶位置的变化而变化,确保千斤顶与柱顶始终保持竖直,竖向力更加稳定。在千斤顶与核心混凝土之间,放置有锚具与混凝土接触,锚具上放有钢垫板与千斤顶底部接触,以实现仅核心混凝土承受竖向力。

对于高温(60 ℃)工况试验,在钢管外壁螺旋缠绕电伴热带加热升温至试件目标温度,恒温24 h,然后,采用自控温系统,使其温度保持在目标温度±1 ℃范围内,见图2(b)。低温(-40 ℃)工况试验是将试件置于超低温试验箱中降温,降至目标温度后恒温保持24 h。试验过程中的保温装置由YDS‒50B‒210液氮罐、电动液氮泵、液氮槽与环境箱4个主要部分构成,见图2(c)。环境箱壁采用PU聚氨酯铜丝软管,其可伸缩透明的特点可以满足试验往复加载的加载模式;将特制里高外低的液氮槽固定在钢管上部,液氮泵将液氮喷到液氮槽中。待试验准备工作完成后,向保温箱中匀速通入液氮,利用常压下氮的沸点为-196.56 ℃的物理性质,使环境箱内温度恒定在目标温度附近。钢管约束混凝土柱表面、核心混凝土内部和环境箱内部均设置有PT100温度传感器,实时检测试件表面及保温箱内温度。

1.4 加载制度

正式加载前,首先施加10%设计压力值对核心混凝土进行预压,消除千斤顶和核心混凝土之间空隙。正式试验时,将千斤顶加载至设计轴力并保持恒定不变,然后施加水平往复荷载。采用位移加载控制方式,根据《建筑抗震试验规程》(JGJ/T 101—2015)[37],控制方式为变幅位移与等幅位移混合控制。加载制度如图3所示。当侧移率分别为±0.25%、±0.5%、±0.75%时,每级加载循环1次;当侧移率在±1.0%~±4.0%之间时,每级加载循环3次。当侧移率在±1.0%~±2.0%之间时,加载位移步为5 mm;当侧移率在±2.0%~±4.0%之间时,加载位移步为10 mm。加载侧移率为±5.0%及以上,每级加载循环2次,加载位移步为10 mm。当水平荷载下降至峰值荷载的85%或当钢管发生断裂时停止加载,试验结束。

2 试验过程和破坏现象

各试件在加载结束后的破坏形态如图4所示,试验结束后可以观察到同一温度工况下试件破坏形态相似,表现为典型的压弯塑性铰破坏。各温度工况下,试件底部鼓曲位置为加劲肋上方10~30 mm处,由加载初期的局部鼓曲逐渐向两侧发展。混凝土强度越高,试件底部的加劲肋上方的局部鼓曲越明显。此外,各工况下,试件均表现为钢管撕裂破坏,高温和常温工况下,钢管撕裂位置位于鼓曲的中部,低温工况下钢管则沿着鼓曲的下侧开裂,这是由于低温环境下混凝土强度大幅增大导致。试件的破坏过程大致分为弹性变形阶段、弹塑性变形阶段以及破坏阶段。

1)弹性变形阶段:钢管与核心混凝土受力变形稳定,力随位移增长速度较快,柱身没有发生明显变化。

2)弹塑性变形阶段:当水平位移加载至20 mm(初始屈服位移),试件开始进入弹塑性变形阶段,观察到钢管局部出现轻微鼓曲,局部屈曲大致出现在加劲肋上方20 mm处。核心混凝土对外钢管具有支撑作用,有效抑制了钢管向内凹陷的趋势。随着水平位移加载至40 mm,钢管鼓曲明显,在加载过程中观察发现,向外变形首先发生在垂直于加载方向两侧的加劲肋上方,并按一定坡度逐渐斜向下扩展到平行于加载方向没有加劲肋的两侧,这是由于试件在其底部鼓曲位置处形成塑性铰,核心混凝土断裂位置形成一个球面,压溃的混凝土挤压钢管,导致最早出现鼓曲的位置向两侧发展时按一定斜度扩展延伸。最后,在弹塑性阶段结束时,试件达到了水平峰值荷载。

3)破坏阶段:在水平位移加载至80 mm(4倍屈服位移)的过程中,由于试件底部出现严重破坏,随着加载位移的增大,水平荷载下降,钢管底部裂缝加速扩展,直至柱底完全断裂,试件被破坏。

3 试验结果分析

3.1 滞回曲线

各试件滞回曲线如图5所示。图5中,P为水平荷载,Δ为加载位移。

图5可知,各试件的滞回曲线整体呈现梭形,形状较为饱满,没有明显的捏缩现象,表明各工况下钢管约束混凝土柱均有良好的抗震性能。各试件的变形过程基本一致,在加载初期,试件处于弹性变形阶段,刚度无明显变化,曲线基本呈线性发展,残余变形几乎为0;随着位移增加,柱底塑性铰开始形成,滞回曲线略微波动,开始鼓曲。进入弹塑变形性阶段后,试件开始出现残余位移,并不断增大,强度和刚度逐级退化,荷载提升的幅度逐渐缓慢,滞回环面积不断增大且趋于饱满;达到水平峰值荷载后,曲线开始呈现下降趋势,出现轻微捏缩。

相较于常温工况,在高温工况下,由于钢材和混凝土的热力学性能差异显著,钢管膨胀变形比混凝土膨胀变形要大,约束作用减弱,试件承载力下降。低温工况下,材料性能提升的同时,钢管收缩程度比混凝土收缩程度大,温度附加套箍效应作用、约束作用进一步增强,试件承载力提高。随着混凝土强度的增大,试件峰值承载力有所增大,滞回环更加饱满,极限变形增大,耗能更好。总体来看,其他参数相同的条件下,混凝土强度对钢管约束混凝土柱的抗震性能的影响不大。

3.2 骨架曲线

将滞回曲线的每级位移第一圈峰值点荷载连线作为骨架曲线,得到水平荷载-位移(P-Δ)骨架曲线,如图6所示。

图6(a)~(c)可知,相同混凝土强度下,随着温度的降低,钢管约束混凝土柱骨架曲线初始斜率增大,说明钢管约束混凝土柱的初始刚度有所增大。相较于常温工况,低温(-40 ℃)工况下试件初始刚度最大提高了16.23%,屈服荷载和峰值荷载分别平均提高了20.43%和20.88%;高温(60 ℃)工况下试件初始刚度最大降低了12.52%,试件屈服荷载和峰值荷载分别平均下降了3.61%和4.25%。究其原因,混凝土与钢材的弹性模量、钢材的屈服强度与温度均存在负相关关系,且低温下钢管变形程度比混凝土变形程度要大,引起附加套箍效应,致使低温下试件的初始刚度与水平承载力高于常温工况;而在高温工况下,高温混凝土内部水分蒸发、粗骨料膨胀,致使混凝土内部孔隙率增大,导致核心混凝土弹性模量减小,同时高温还会加速试件内部微裂缝的发展,承载力增速也相对较慢。

图6(d)~(f)可知,在其他条件相同的情况下,不同混凝土强度的钢管约束混凝土柱的骨架曲线弹性变形阶段基本重合。随着混凝土强度的增大,试件初始刚度和水平承载力有所提高,但水平承载力提高幅度较小。混凝土强度等级从C40增至C60时,试件初始刚度、屈服荷载和峰值荷载分别最多提高19.19%、6.79%和7.70%。总体来看,不同混凝土强度的钢管约束混凝土柱的抗震性能相对接近。

3.3 延性性能

屈服力Py和屈服位移Δy采用等效能量法[38]确定,原理如图7所示。BYMOAB有相同的面积。随后,从Y点开始画一条垂线,与骨架曲线相交于C点,即为屈服点。试件的位移延性系数μ计算公式为μ = Δu/Δy,其中:Δy为能量等值法得到的屈服位移;Δu为极限位移,对应峰值荷载Pm降至85%时的位移值。图7中,PyPu分别为ΔyΔu对应的荷载值,ΔmPm对应的位移值。位移延性系数如表3所示。

表3可知,常温下试件的延性系数均大于3.0,表现出良好的变形能力。相较常温工况,低温(-40 ℃)工况下,位移延性系数最大减小了37.52%,这是由于混凝土材料的脆性增强,核心混凝土的累积损伤显著增大,钢管约束混凝土柱在弹塑性变形阶段的塑性发展受到限制,导致钢管约束混凝土柱在达到峰值承载力后,其承载力的降低速度相对较快,试件延性变差。高温工况下,位移延性系数最大减小了5.27%,这是因为高温下钢材弹性模量降低,混凝土抗压强度降低,钢管对混凝土约束作用减弱,以及钢-混凝土界面局部发生脱黏滑移、脱空行为[5],钢管对核心混凝土柱的约束效应减弱,导致结构刚度下降,承载力与延性降低。

3.4 刚度退化

采用割线刚度来表示反复荷载作用试件的刚度退化。割线刚度表达式为:

Ki=+Fi+-Fi+Xi+-Xi

式中,Ki 为试件第i次的割线刚度,+Fi 和-Fi 分别表示正、负向第i级加载时首圈滞回环的峰值力,+Xi 和-Xi 分别表示正、负向第i级加载时首圈滞回环峰值力对应的位移值。各构件的刚度退化的关系曲线如图8所示。

图8可知,各试件的刚度退化过程相似,均表现为先快后慢。常温工况下,钢管约束混凝土柱的刚度退化曲线没有发生突变,下降得相对平缓;而低温工况下,由于核心混凝土和钢管的脆性增大,在往复加载过程中,试件的累积损伤较大,核心混凝土内部因裂缝扩展而被切断后,实际能继续传递和承受力的那部分材料的面积不断缩减,导致试件损伤加剧,刚度退化速率更快,退化程度更深。高温工况下,混凝土中的粗骨料膨胀,内部自由水蒸发,孔隙增加,导致混凝土结构变疏松,刚度显著下降,钢材的屈服强度和弹性模量随温度的升高而降低,相比于常温工况,高温下试件的初始刚度略低,但总体上看,刚度退化速率并无明显改变。

3.5 耗能能力

为评估试件的耗能性能,将累积耗能Ep和等效黏滞阻尼系数ζeq作为主要评判指标。等效黏滞阻尼系数采用规范[37]中的定义按下式进行计算:

ζeq=S(ABC+CDE)2π·S(OBF+ODG)

式中,S为几何区域面积,计算简图如图9所示。各试件的累计耗能和黏滞阻尼系数对比分别见图1011

由图1011可知,随着水平位移的增大,试件累积耗能和等效黏滞阻尼系数增大。

相对于常温工况,低温工况(-40 ℃)试件在相同位移下,累积耗能增大,但在加载后期,由于低温试件过早发生脆性破坏,其加载结束后的累计耗能要远小于常温试件。高温工况(60 ℃)下,由于试件水平荷载减小,试件每级循环荷载形成的滞回环面积变小,累积耗能有所减小。对于等效黏滞阻尼系数,低温工况下,等效黏滞阻尼系数较小,表明试件的耗能能力有所降低;高温工况下,试件的等效黏滞阻尼系数有一定变化,但变化幅度不大,表明高温(60 ℃)对试件的耗能能力影响不大。

4 水平承载力计算公式修正

研究[39]表明,常温工况下钢管约束混凝土水平承载力一般满足下式:

Pu=(1-0.15n0)Mul-D/2

式中:Pu为极限水平承载力,根据文献[40]求解;l为试件计算高度,本文取1 020 mm;D为钢管直径;Mu为截面极限抗弯承载力;n0为实际轴压比。

环境温度引起的材料变异性和温度附加套箍效应是导致钢管约束混凝土柱水平承载力变化的主要原因。由于环境温度对钢管约束混凝土柱影响的复杂性,且与多参数相关,因此本文采取拟合的方式来考虑其影响。为便于分析环境温度对钢管约束混凝土试件水平承载力的影响规律,定义试件水平承载力影响系数为k0,计算如下:

k0=Pu(T)Pu

式中,T为构件实际所处的环境温度,Pu(T)为考虑环境温度不同工况下钢管约束混凝土柱水平承载力试验值。

基于试验结果,通过回归拟合出水平承载力影响系数k0的表达式如下:

k0=2×10-5T2-0.002 5T+1.109 9

式(4)代入式(3),可得修正后的水平峰值承载力Puc(T)计算公式:

Puc(T)=k0(1-0.15n0)Mul-D/2

各工况试件水平承载力计算值见表4。由表4可知,常温试件的现有公式计算值与试验值相对误差不超过9%,符合工程实践要求,同时也表明常温工况采用现有公式所得的钢管约束混凝土柱极限水平承载力有很好的精度;而在高温和低温工况下,现有公式计算值与试验值相对误差最大可达21.73%。因此,需要考虑环境温度作用,基于已有公式对钢管约束混凝土柱水平承载力计算公式予以修正。

为了验证式(6)对不同温度试件水平承载力计算的精确性,采用文献[41]的试验值、本文试验值与本文式(6)的计算值进行对比验证,验证结果如图12所示。

图12可知:本文拟合修正公式计算值与本文试验值总体吻合良好,相对误差小于均5.0%;与文献[41]的试验值相对误差均小于10.0%。这表明修正公式具有较高的计算精度,说明本文公式对不同环境温度下试件水平峰值承载力的修正有高度的精确度和合理性。

5 结 论

1)钢管约束混凝土柱在不同工况下均为整体压弯破坏,伴有明显的破坏现象。相较于常温工况,低温工况下的试件发生破坏更早且破坏更严重;各试件滞回曲线均呈梭形,无明显捏缩现象,表现出良好的变形和耗能能力,但低温工况下由于过早破坏,累计耗能相较于常温工况显著减小。

2)环境温度对试件水平承载力和延性均有不同程度的影响,相较于常温工况,低温(-40 ℃)工况下,试件初始刚度有所增大,峰值承载力最大提高了20.88%,而延性系数最大降低37.52%;高温(60 ℃)工况下,试件初始刚度有所减小,峰值承载力最大降低4.25%,延性系数最大降低5.27%。

3)钢管约束混凝土柱在不同环境温度下的延性较常温均有所下降,但高、低温环境下的下降机理并不相同。低温环境下由于核心混凝土脆性增加,累积损伤加速发展,使得柱延性显著下降;而高温环境下,主要是由于钢-混凝土界面黏结性能下降,外钢管对核心混凝土的约束效应显著降低所致。

4)本文提出了考虑环境温度影响的钢管约束混凝土柱水平承载力计算修正公式,公式计算值与试验值相对误差小于10%,吻合良好,可为高寒地区该类结构设计提供必要参考。

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52268027)

甘肃省自然科学基金青年项目(25JRRA207)

甘肃省联合科研基金重点项目(24JRRA869)

山西交通控股集团科技创新项目(23‒JKKJ‒6)

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