Objective The determination of indicator weights in multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) represents a critical issue in architectural programming and post-occupancy evaluation (POE). Traditional approaches often model expert weights and indicator weights independently, which leads to potential inconsistencies and suboptimal decision outcomes. This study aims to develop an iterative group decision-making model that simultaneously optimizes expert weights and indicator weights, enhancing the accuracy, reliability, and practical applicability of weight determination in complex engineering contexts. Methods An iterative optimization model was proposed to integrate the determination of expert weights and indicator weights. First, an expert weight optimization model was established based on the consistency between individual expert evaluations and aggregated group evaluations. This model incorporated the relative importance of different indicators through a weighted distance metric derived from a specially defined A-norm, which generalized the standard Euclidean distance. Second, indicator weights were calculated by aggregating individual expert evaluations weighted by their corresponding credibility levels. Finally, an iterative framework was designed to enable mutual calibration between expert weights and indicator weights until convergence was achieved. The model was implemented algorithmically and validated using two real-world case studies, including green performance evaluation during architectural programming and building post-occupancy evaluation. Results and Discussions Numerical experiments demonstrated that the proposed iterative model converged reliably under various initial conditions. In the green performance evaluation case, which involved nine experts and 96 indicators, the model converged within eight iterations, with differences between successive iterations falling below 10‒10 in the infinity norm. The resulting expert weights exhibited significant variation, reflecting differences in expertise across building types, such as office buildings and tourism buildings. Similarly, in the POE case involving five experts and 69 indicators, the model converged within seven to nine iterations, and the resulting weights effectively captured functional differences between museum buildings and stadium buildings. Compared to baseline methods that assigned equal weights to experts, the proposed model generated more discriminative and contextually appropriate indicator weights. For example, in the office building case, the highest weighted indicators included room temperature, sunshade facilities, and noise control, whereas in the tourism building case, rest spaces and accessibility planning received higher weights, which were consistent with functional priorities. The model also demonstrated robustness to different initial conditions and maintained convergence regardless of the order of weight updates. Conclusions This study presents a novel iterative group decision-making model that simultaneously determines expert and indicator weights by leveraging their mutual influence. The proposed model improves upon existing approaches by incorporating indicator importance into the calibration of expert weights, achieving more consistent and context-aware weight assignments. The convergence and practical applicability of the model are empirically validated through real-world case studies in architectural programming and POE. The method provides a mathematically rigorous and engineering-oriented approach to MCGDM, with potential applicability in other domains that involve multi-expert and multi-criteria evaluation processes.
模型(式(1))的结果具备作决策所期望的特点:个体评价与一致性评价距离越短,个体权重越大,否则权重越小;事实上,文献[25]证明了该优化模型获得的专家权重与专家评价同一致性评价之间的距离成“完美合理性”的反比关系[25]。模型(式(1))通过向量二范数距离来表征分歧,其特点是将代表每一个指标的分量看作是等权重的,然而,工程实践中不同指标的重要性常常是不同的,故上述优化模型对于距离定义的不足在于计算的时候并未考虑这种重要性差异。因此,本文考虑引入加权距离来表征不同指标的重要性以改进模型(式(1))。思路是先在向量空间中引入一种特殊的 A ‒内积,并由此导出一种范数,进而导出加权距离。
首先,设V是实线性空间,对V中的任意两个向量 x 和 y,给定任一对称正定矩阵 A,则可定义 A ‒内积为:
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