宫腔微生态系统与子宫内膜病变的研究进展
王奔 , 韩健 , 袁艺萍 , 王月洪 , 黄畅晓 , 李力
西南医科大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (05) : 460 -464.
宫腔微生态系统与子宫内膜病变的研究进展
Research Progress on the Microecosystem of the Uterine Cavity and Endometrial Lesions
传统上,子宫腔被认为无菌,但近年来随着定量聚合酶链反应(quantitative polymerase chain reaction,quantitative PCR)和16S rRNA技术的应用,发现子宫腔内存在细菌定植,为宫腔菌群与子宫内膜病变的关系研究开辟了新领域。研究表明,子宫内膜微生态与多种妇科疾病相关,包括内异症、内膜炎、子宫内膜增生和子宫内膜癌等。然而,子宫内膜微生态失调是疾病的原因还是结果,目前尚不明确。本文综述了宫腔微生态系统与子宫内膜病变的研究进展,探讨了阴道菌群与子宫内膜菌群的相关性,指出女性生殖道是一个连续的微生态体系,乳杆菌在维持阴道和宫颈微生态平衡中发挥关键作用,而子宫内膜菌群的组成和多样性在不同生理状态下存在变化。此外,子宫内膜菌群与子宫内膜炎症性疾病的关系密切,炎症状态下菌群多样性增加,有害菌繁殖加剧病情。宫腔内微生物多样性在子宫内膜异位症患者宫腔内更丰富,可能通过改变局部微环境、激素代谢和免疫调节异常促进疾病发展。宫腔微生态还与生殖结局密切相关,微生物组失衡会影响胚胎着床和妊娠结果。未来研究需引入高通量测序等技术,明确子宫内膜微生态的组成,开发新的治疗策略,如益生菌或免疫疗法,以改善女性生殖健康。
Traditionally, the uterine cavity was considered to be sterile. However, in recent years, with the application of techniques such as quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA, studies have found that there is bacterial colonization in the uterine cavity. Researches have showed that the endometrial microbiota is associated with a variety of gynecological diseases, including endometriosis, endometritis, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer, etc. However, it is still unclear whether the imbalance of the endometrial microecology is the cause or the result of the disease. This article reviewed the research progress on the microecosystem of the uterine cavity and endometrial lesions. This article explores the correlation between the vaginal microbiota and the endometrial microbiota, pointing out that the female reproductive tract is a continuous microecological system. Lactobacillus plays a key role in maintaining the microecological balance of the vagina and cervix, while the composition and diversity of the endometrial microbiota vary under different physiological states. In addition, the endometrial microbiota is closely related to endometrial inflammatory diseases. In an inflammatory state, the diversity of the microbiota increases, and the proliferation of harmful bacteria exacerbates the condition. In endometriosis, the microbial diversity in the uterine cavity is richer, which may promote the development of the disease by changing the local microenvironment, disrupting hormonal metabolism, and causing abnormal immune regulation. The imbalance of the microbiome can affect embryo implantation and pregnancy results. Future research needs to introduce technologies such as high-throughput sequencing to clarify the composition of the endometrial microecology and develop new treatment strategies, such as probiotics or immunotherapy, to improve female reproductive health.
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国家自然科学基金(31470886)
重庆市自然科学基金项目(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0449)
军队计生专项(21JSZ03)
军队计生专项(22JSZ01)
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