基于倾向性评分匹配的中老年肩袖损伤患者术前焦虑与围术期低体温风险的关联性
A Study on the Association Between Preoperative Anxiety and Perioperative Hypothermia Risk in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Rotator Cuff Injury Based on Propensity Score Matching
目的 探讨基于倾向性评分法(propensity score method,PSM)匹配的中老年肩袖损伤患者术前焦虑与围术期低体温风险的关联性。 方法 选取2023年1月至2025年1月在河南省洛阳正骨医院(河南省骨科医院)接受肩关节镜手术的153例中老年肩袖损伤患者,密切监测围术期核心体温和记录低体温发生情况。将研究对象分为低体温组(核心体温 < 36 ℃)和对照组(未发生围术期低体温),采用状态-特质焦虑量表(State-trait Anxiety Scale,STAI)评价术前焦虑情况,比较2组临床资料和术前STAI评分,多因素Logistic分析肩关节镜围术期低体温发生的影响因素。PSM对2组按1∶1比例均衡匹配(卡钳值为0.1),比较PSM匹配后2组临床资料和术前STAI评分,比较PSM匹配后不同STAI评分亚组患者的围术期体温监测情况。 结果 围术期低体温发生率为38.56%(59/153),以术中低体温为主。PSM匹配前:低体温组体质量指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)、基础体温低于对照组,年龄、麻醉时间、手术时间、灌洗液量、状态焦虑量表(State Anxiety Scale,S-AI)、特质焦虑量表(Trait Anxiety Scale,T-AI)和STAI评分均高于对照组(P < 0.05);较高的年龄(OR = 1.032,95% CI:1.004 ~ 1.631)、麻醉时间(OR = 2.018,95% CI:1.278 ~ 3.105)、灌洗液量(OR = 1.273,95% CI:1.041 ~ 1.762)和STAI评分(OR = 1.519,95% CI:1.123 ~ 2.610)是中老年肩袖损伤患者围术期低体温发生的危险因素(P < 0.05),较高的BMI(OR = 0.837,95% CI:0.681 ~ 0.940)、基础体温(OR = 0.802,95% CI:0.702 ~ 0.931)是中老年肩袖损伤患者围术期低体温发生的保护因素(P < 0.05)。PSM共成功匹配46对,均衡相关协变量后低体温组术前S-AI【(42.9 ± 5.8) vs.(34.1 ± 5.4)分】、STAI评分【(75.7 ± 8.1)vs.(64.9 ± 7.6)分】仍高于对照组(t = 7.559、6.556,P < 0.05);STAI评分 ≥ 71分(中位数)亚组术中30、60、90 min的体温监测值低于STAI评分 < 71分亚组(P < 0.05)。 结论 术前STAI评分是中老年肩袖损伤患者围术期低体温发生的独立影响因素,可为围术期低体温风险筛查和临床干预提供依据。
Objective This study aimed to explore the risk association between preoperative anxiety and perioperative hypothermia in middle-aged and elderly patients with rotator cuff injury based on Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Methods A total of 153 middle-aged and elderly patients with rotator cuff injuries who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery at Henan Luoyang Orthopedics Hospital from January 2023 to January 2025 were continuously selected. The core body temperature during the perioperative period was closely monitored and the occurrence of hypothermia was recorded. The research subjects were divided into the hypothermia group (Core body temperature < 36℃) and the control group (perioperative hypothermia did not occur). The State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI) was used to evaluate the preoperative anxiety. The clinical data and preoperative STAI scores of the two groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic was used to analyze the influencing factors of perioperative hypothermia in shoulder arthroscopy. PSM was evenly matched with the two groups at a 1:1 ratio (the caliper value was 0.1). The clinical data and preoperative STAI scores of the two groups after PSM matching were compared, and the perioperative body temperature monitoring of patients in different STAI score subgroups after PSM matching was compared. Results The incidence of perioperative hypothermia was 38.56% (59/153), mainly intraoperative hypothermia. Before PSM matching: the body mass index (BMI) and basal body temperature in the hypothermia group were lower than those in the control group, while the age, anesthesia time, operation time, lavage fluid volume, State Anxiety Scale (S-AI), Trait Anxiety Scale (T-AI), and STAI score were all higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Higher age (OR = 1.032, 95% CI: 1.004~1.631), anesthesia time (OR = 2.018, 95% CI: 1.278 ~ 3.105), lavage fluid volume (OR = 1.273, 95% CI: 1.041 ~ 1.762), and STAI score (OR = 1.519, 95% CI: 1.123 ~ 2.610) were risk factors for perioperative hypothermia in middle-aged and elderly patients with rotator cuff injury (P < 0.05), and a higher BMI (OR = 0.837, 95% CI: 0.681 ~ 0.940) and basal body temperature (OR = 0.802, 95% CI: 0.702 ~ 0.931) were protective factors for perioperative hypothermia in middle-aged and elderly patients with rotator cuff injury (P < 0.05). PSM successfully matched 46 pairs. After balancing relevant covariates, the hypothermia group still exhibited higher preoperative S-AI scores [(42.9 ± 5.8) vs. (34.1 ± 5.4)] and STAI scores [(75.7 ± 8.1) vs. (64.9 ± 7.6)] compared to the control group (t = 7.559 and 6.556, P < 0.05). In the subgroup with STAI scores ≥ 71 (median value), intraoperative body temperature readings at 30, 60, and 90 minutes were significantly lower than those in the subgroup with STAI scores < 71 (P < 0.05). Conclusions The preoperative STAI score is an independent influencing factor for the occurrence of perioperative hypothermia in middle-aged and elderly patients with rotator cuff injury, providing a basis for perioperative hypothermia risk screening and clinical intervention.
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河南省中医药科学研究专项课题(2023ZY2120)
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