“佩太”风暴影响的西藏暴雪遥感监测及水汽输送特征
Study on the Remote Sensing Monitoring and Water Vapor Transport Characteristics of Blizzard in Xizang Affected by PETA Typhoon
利用FY-2G卫星云参量产品、全球定位系统(Global Positioning System, GPS)水汽和全球资料同化系统(Global Data Assimilation System, GDAS)资料,结合Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model(HYSPLIT)模式后向轨迹模拟,探讨了2018年12月18—19日西藏区域性暴雪天气的云宏微观物理特征及其对降雪的短时临近指示作用和水汽输送特征。结果表明:降雪强度与云顶亮温大小呈负相关,一般降雪量>1 mm/h时云顶亮温< -33℃,黑体亮温(Black Body Temperature, TBB)低值区对暴雪短时临近预报有指示作用。云顶高度(云顶温度)升高(降低)区域以及云顶亮温低值区与降雪落区有较好的对应。云系密实程度和云水丰沛程度可预示降雪演变趋势,云顶高度、云顶温度、云光学厚度、云粒子有效半径和液水路径变化先于地面降水1~2 h,可作为降雪临近预报关键指标因子;降雪前大气可降水量显著增加,可降水量峰值或高值时段与强降雪时段密切相关,大气可降水量(Precipitable Water Vapour,PWV)显著变大预示未来一段时间会出现强降雪。不同区域、同区域不同地点的水汽来源不尽相同,一江两河流域水汽主要来自西亚地区,印度半岛有一定贡献;三江流域水汽源来自印度半岛至孟加拉湾一带和地中海-伊朗高原地区;帕里水汽源来自西亚,错那水汽源主要来自印度半岛。
Using FY-2G satellite cloud parameter products, GNSS/MET, and GDAS data, along with backward trajectory simulation from the HYSPLIT model, the macroscopic-microscopic physical characteristics of cloud and transport characteristics of water-vapor associated with the blizzard in Xizang in December 2018 were analyzed in this paper. The results show that the intensity of snowfall is negatively correlated with the brightness temperature of the cloud top. When snowfall exceeds 1 mm/h, the corresponding values of Black Body Temperature are mostly below -33℃, these characteristics can be used as a criterion for snowfall forecasting. Changes in cloud parameters occur 12 hours prior to the onset of surface precipitation, making them key indicators for short-term snowfall forecasting. Additionally, precipitable water vapor(PWV) significantly increases before snowfall, and its peak or higher values are closely associated with periods of heavy snowfall. Areas that show increasing/decreasing cloud top height/temperature, along with regions exhibiting low cloud top brightness temperatures, correspond well with snowfall areas. Furthermore, The cloud optical thickness and cloud liquid water content can indicate the trend of snowfall evolution. The primary source of water vapor for the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin on the Tibetan plateau is West Asia, while the Indian subcontinent serves as a second source. In the “Three Rivers” regions, the main water-vapor sources are the Indian Peninsula and the Bay of Bengal. For the southern margin of the Tibetan plateau, water vapor near Pali primarily originates from West Asia, whereas the water vapor in Cuona mainly comes from the Indian subcontinent.
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西藏自治区科技计划揭榜挂帅专项项目(JBGS2023000001)
中国气象局创新发展专项项目(CXFZ2023J042)
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