梯牧草植株叶片解剖特征对不同海拔梯度的响应
Response of Leaf Anatomical Characteristics of Phleum pratense to Different Altitudinal Gradients
以新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州昭苏县为研究区域,以不同海拔1 700~2 200 m处的梯牧草(Phleum pratense)为研究对象,对梯牧草叶片微形态和横切面解剖结构进行测定,比较不同海拔梯度对梯牧草解剖结构的影响。结果表明:(1)梯牧草叶片为等面叶,叶表皮由长细胞、短细胞和气孔器组成,上表皮有泡状细胞,呈不同程度的乳状突起,无栅栏组织和海绵组织分化;(2)不同海拔梯度下野生梯牧草叶片解剖结构存在显著差异,中脉厚度、泡状细胞厚度、维管束鞘细胞厚度、上角质层厚度差异均较大,且随海拔升高呈现减小趋势,气孔的长度随海拔的升高呈现增长的趋势,而气孔密度呈现减小趋势,低海拔地段气孔密度显著高于高海拔地段(P<0.05);(3)相关性分析结果表明,海拔与下表皮细胞呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与上表皮细胞呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。研究结果为野生梯牧草种质资源开发利用及优异种质资源筛选提供科学依据。
Zhaosu County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang as the study site and Taking Phleum pratense at different altitudes ranging from 1 700 m to 2 200 m as the research object, the micro-morphology and cross-section anatomical structure of Phleum pratense leaf were observed and the effects of different altitudinal gradients on the anatomical structure of Phleum pratense Leaf was compared, The leaf of Phleum pratense is isobilateral leaf, and the epidermis consisted of long cell, short cell and stomatal apparatus. The upper epidermis had vesicular cell with varying degrees and densities of papilla, and palisade tissue and sponge tissue were undifferentiation. There are significant differences in the anatomical structure of Phleum pratense leaves,and the thickness of the midvein, bulliform cell, vascular bundle sheath cell and upper cuticle layer are all relatively large, and they showed a decreasing trend with increasing altitude. The length of stomata showed an increasing trend with increasing altitude, while stomatal density decreasing with altitude. The stomatal density in low altitude areas is significantly higher than that in high altitude areas (P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that there is extremely significant negative correlation (P<0.01) between elevation and lower epidermal cell thickness and significant negative correlation with upper epithelial cell thickness (P<0.05). The research results provide a scientific basis for the development,utilization and protection of Phleum pratense resources, as well as the screening of qualified germplasm resources.
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