西藏中考数学核心素养考查情况分析研究
Analysis and Study on the Assessment of Core Mathematical Competencies in Xizang's High School Entrance Examination —Taking the Mathematics Test Questions of Xizang Autonomous Region's High School Entrance Examination from 2022 to 2024 as Examples
基于《义务教育数学课程标准(2022版)》提出的数学核心素养框架,以2022—2024年西藏自治区中考数学试题为研究对象,通过构建包含抽象能力、运算能力、推理能力、数据观念、直观想象、空间观念和模型观念7个维度的测评框架,采用SEC一致性分析模式对试题进行编码赋分和量化对比。结果发现:(1)核心素养维度分布情况:运算能力(25.00%~35.83%)和直观想象(30.00%~33.33%)考查权重最大,空间观念(0.83%~1.67%)与模型观念(1.67%~3.33%)占比偏低,数据观念(4.17%~7.50%)未达到课程标准要求;(2)素养水平分布情况:知识理解占比最高(53.33%~60.83%),知识迁移(29.17%~35.00%)和知识创新(10.00%~12.50%)考查不足;(3)试题特点:试题综合性较强,但运算题难度低、模型观念考查形式单一,且与课标权重存在偏差。基于此,提出加强运算经验积累、丰富数据观念考查形式、增强模型思想渗透、依标调整命题权重、增设开放探究题以培养高阶思维等对策建议。
Based on the framework of core mathematical competencies outlined in the Compulsory Education Mathematics Curriculum Standards (2022 Edition), this paper analyzes the mathematics test questions of the high school entrance examination of the Xizang Autonomous Region for the years 2022 to 2024. In this study, we constructed an evaluation framework that encompasses seven dimensions—abstract ability, computational ability, reasoning ability, data concept, intuitive imagination, spatial concept, and model concept. It employs the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC) consistency analysis model to code, score, and quantitatively compare the test questions. The findings are as follows: (1) Distribution of core competency dimensions: Computational ability (25%35.83%) and intuitive imagination (30%33.33%) have the highest weightings in the examination. Spatial concept (0.83%1.67%) and model concept (1.67%3.33%) account for relatively low proportions. Data concept (4.17%7.50%) fails to meet the requirements of the curriculum standards. (2) Distribution of competency levels: Knowledge comprehension has the highest proportion (53.33%60.83%), while knowledge transfer (29.17%35.00%) and knowledge innovation (10%12.50%) are examined insufficiently. (3) Characteristics of test questions: The questions are highly comprehensive (integrating multiple competencies within a single question), however, computational problems tend to be of low difficulty, model concept examination takes a single form, and there are deviations from the curriculum standards' weightings. Based on these findings, the paper proposes several optimization suggestions: strengthen the accumulation of computational experience, enrich the examination forms of data concepts, enhance the penetration of model thinking, adjust the weighting of proposition to align with the standards, and introduce open inquiry questions to cultivate higher-order thinking. This study provides an empirical basis for improving the setting of mathematics proposition and teaching in Xizang's high school entrance examination.
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