1.College of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
2.Plateau Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Research Center, Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
3.College of History, Culture and Tourism, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
The impact of ENSO events on precipitation and temperature in the Huangshui Valley from year 1980 to 2022 was studied based on the daily precipitation and temperature data from eight meteorological stations within the Huangshui Valley combining with the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)analysis of ENSO events and their relationship with climatic variables by the time series analysis, wavelet analysis and spectral analysis methods. The results indicate that both El Niño and La Niña events exert significant influence on the regional climate. El Niño events generally lead to a decrease in precipitation, especially in spring and summer, whereas La Niña events effect oppositely. Additionally, temperatures during El Niño events are generally lower than average temperature, particularly in spring and winter, while during La Niña events, temperatures tend to be higher than that of average, especially in summer and autumn. The study also finds that the frequency of warm days and extreme precipitation events is generally higher during La Niña periods compared to El Niño periods.
小波变换适用于分析复杂时间序列的调整规律[48-52]。小波变换对于湟水谷地气温和降水数据的分析以及揭示其时间和频率的动态变化、理解该地区气候变化的具体模态和趋势有很大优势。小波变换结果包括时间-周期二维能量谱图及对应的95%显著性检测,并绘制全局小波谱,以评估总体周期能量分布。显著性检验采用 Torrence等[53]提出的方法,对比实际功率与红噪声理论分布,识别统计意义上的显著周期。能量谱图中明确标注了影响锥(Cone of Influence, COI)范围,其外部区域受边界效应影响较大,分析时主要关注锥形区域以内的显著周期变化。
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