高原环境下世居移居大学生体质健康状况比较分析
洛桑泽仁 , 尼玛欧珠 , 格桑顿珠 , 王定明 , 强巴央珍
高原科学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (3) : 82 -90.
高原环境下世居移居大学生体质健康状况比较分析
Comparative Analysis of Physical Health Status Between Indigenous and Migrant University Students in High-altitude Environments
目的 高原环境由于低氧导致人类的运动能力下降,为此,该研究探究高原环境下世居和移居大学生两个队列在体质健康方面的差异。 方法 选取西藏3所高校8 331名18~22岁的大学生,其中高海拔世居大学生4 535名、高海拔移居大学生3 796名进行了体质健康的测试,测试结果进行了t检验分析。 结果 (1)移居大学生的身高、体重和BMI指数均显著高于世居大学生(P0.001);(2)世居大学生的肺活量/体重指数显著高于移居大学生(男:P0.001,女:P=0.022);(3)世居男大学生的1 000 m跑成绩(P0.001)和女大学生800 m的成绩均显著优于移居大学生的成绩(P0.001);(4)世居男大学生的柔韧性显著优于移居男大学生(P0.001),但是移居女大学生的柔韧性显著优于世居女大学生(P=0.047);(5)50 m跑成绩移居男女大学生的成绩均优于世居男女大学生的成绩(P0.001);(6)世居男性大学生的上肢力量显著优于移居大学生(P0.001),而女性移居大学生的核心肌群耐力略优于世居大学生(P0.001)。 结论 在高原环境下移居大学生的身体形态和爆发力优于世居大学生。世居大学生则在呼吸功能、耐力表现和男性上肢力量方面展现明显优势。世居男大学生柔韧性强于移居者,不过移居女大学生这方面表现更佳,并且移居大学生的核心肌群耐力也略占优势。
Objective Hypoxia in high-altitude environments leads to a decline in human physical performance. This study aimed to investigate the differences in physical health between two cohorts of college students in the Tibetan plateau: long-term residents and migrant residents. Methods A total of 8 331 college students aged 1822 from three universities in Xizang were included, comprising 4 535 long-term high-altitude residents and 3 796 migrant residents. Their physical fitness was assessed using standard tests, and the results were analyzed with t-tests. Results (1) Migrant students showed significantly greater height, weight, and BMI than long-term residents (P<0.001). (2) The vital capacity/weight index was significantly higher in long-term residents than in migrant students (males: P<0.001, females: P=0.022). (3) Long-term resident males performed significantly better in the 1 000-meter run (P<0.001), and females better in the 800-meter run (P<0.001), compared to migrant students. (4) Flexibility was significantly better in male long-term residents (P<0.001), whereas migrant female students outperformed their long-term resident counterparts in flexibility (P=0.047). (5) Both male and female migrant students had better 50-meter sprint performance (P<0.001). (6) Upper body strength was significantly greater in male long-term residents (P<0.001), while female migrant students exhibited slightly better core muscle endurance (P<0.001). Conclusion Under high-altitude conditions, migrant college students demonstrated advantages in body morphology and explosive power. In contrast, long-term residents exhibited superior respiratory function, endurance performance, and upper body strength (in males). While long-term resident males showed better flexibility, female migrant students performed better in this aspect. Core muscle endurance was also slightly better among migrant students.
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西藏自治区哲学社会科学基金项目(24WTYB09)
西藏自治区自然科学基金项目(XZ202501ZR0096)
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