The spatiotemporal evolution of habitat quality in the Lhasa City was evaluated based on the land use data of year 1990, 2000 and 2010 by using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model. The results showed that the land use structure in the Lhasa City has undergone significant changes from year 1990 to 2020, with an intense land use conversion. Although grassland and unused land have always being dominated, the growth of arable and forest land was concentrated in the central counties, while the expansion of construction land was centered around the Chengguan District and Duilongdeqing District. The overall landscape of the Lhasa City tended to be regular and homogeneous with a decrease in patch density and an increase in diversity from year 1990 to 2020, which comprehensively reflecting the profound remodeling of the regional landscape by ecological policies and human activities. The overall habitat quality in the Lhasa City showed a downward trend, with an average decrease of 12.34% in habitat quality from year 1990 to 2020. The area of high-quality habitats decreased significantly and the area of low-quality habitats continued to increase. The habitat quality in urbanized central areas such as Chengguan District degraded significantly, while the habitat quality of the external four counties was relatively preferable. The research can provide references for decision-makers to optimize the habitat quality from the perspective of land use, and is of great significance for the formulation of land use policies and the realization of the goal of building a national ecological civilization highland in the future.
在人类活动日益频繁的背景下,土地利用变化作为人地关系互动的关键媒介,深刻重塑着生态格局与生态过程,成为驱动生态环境演变的重要力量[1]。揭示土地利用变化如何影响生态环境,是构建区域生态安全格局、实现土地可持续利用的关键[2]。景观格局作为土地利用的时空异质性表现,其结构变化受土地利用方式主导,并反过来调控着诸如水土流失等关键生态过程[3]。但结构分析本身存在局限,无法直接等同于生态价值的判断。为弥补此不足,必须整合生态功能的视角,而生境质量正是衡量生态系统支持功能(尤其是生物多样性)的核心指标,其对土地利用变化的敏感响应机制已被广泛证实[4-7]。当前生态模型是生境质量研究的主流路径,常用的生态模型包括生态系统服务社会价值模型(Social Values for Ecosystem Services,SolVES)[8]、电路理论模型(Circuit Theor)[9]、最大熵模型(Maximum Entropy Models,MaxEnt)[10]、生态系统人工智能服务模型(Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services,ARIES)[11]以及生态系统服务与权衡的综合评估模型(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs,InVEST)等。其中,InVEST模型因其数据需求较少、评估精度较高,并能够模拟不同土地覆被情景下生态系统服务的变化,被广泛用于多尺度生境质量评估及其驱动机制解析[12-16]。因此,基于土地利用变化的动态背景,同步探究景观格局与生境质量,能够从“结构-功能”联动的视角,透彻解析区域生态演变的内在规律,从而为国土空间规划与生态修复工程的有效性评估提供坚实的理论支撑与实践路径。
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