西藏羊卓雍措及周边区域维管植物组成及区系分析
Composition and Floristic Analysis of Vascular Plants in Yamdrok Lake and Surrounding Areas, Xizang
为揭示青藏高原南缘高寒湖泊生态系统的植物多样性特征,探究该地区物种的起源和演化,以西藏羊卓雍措及其周边区域为对象,通过样线调查、标本鉴定与文献整合,系统分析了维管植物的组成结构、生活型、资源类型及区系特征。结果表明:(1)共记录维管植物46科、125属、221种,其中菊科(Asteraceae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、豆科(Fabaceae)为优势科,少种科和单种属分别占组成维管植物科、属的主体;(2)科级区系以世界分布成分为主导(占比56.52%),属级区系以北温带成分为主导(占比30.95%),泛热带成分仅占4.76%,体现典型高寒属性;(3)生活型以多年生草本(占比72.85%)为主;(4)特有现象显著,含西藏特有物种24种(如西藏川木香Dolomiaea wardii),共记录到3种国家二级重点保护野生植物;(5)资源植物分为12类,其中以药用植物为主要资源类型。
Yamdrok Lake in Xizang is located on the northern slopes of the Himalayas, which is recognized as one of the world's 36 biodiversity hotspots. To characterize the plant diversity of the alpine lake ecosystem on the southern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and explore the origin and evolution of species in this region, we selected Yamdrok Lake and its surrounding areas in Xizang as research site, the taxonomic composition, life forms, resource types, and floristic characteristics of vascular plants were systematically analyzed via line transect surveys, combining with specimen identification and literature synthesis. A total of 221 species of vascular plant were recorded belonging to 125 genera and 46 families. Asteraceae, Rosaceae, and Fabaceae were the dominant families, while oligotypic families and monotypic genera being the main components of the vascular plant families and genera, respectively. At the family level, the flora was dominated by Cosmopolitan elements (56.52%); at the genus level, North Temperate elements were the dominant component (30.95%), while Pantropical elements accounted for only 4.76%, reflecting the typical alpine characteristics of the flora. Perennial herbs were the dominant life form (72.85%) in the study area. Endemism was prominent with 24 species endemic to Xizang (e.g., Dolomiaea wardii) and three species listed as National Second-Class Key Protected Wild Plants. The resource plants were classified into 12 categories, with medicinal plants being the primary resource type.
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国家自然科学基金项目(32001390)
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