1961—2023年青藏高原1月等温线时空变化分析
Study on the Temporal and Spatial Variation Charateristics of Isotherms in January on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau From 1961 to 2023
基于1961—2023年青藏高原1月平均气温数据,选取1961—1990年、1971—2000年、1981—2010年及1991—2023年4个时期,运用气候倾向率与重心迁移等方法,系统分析青藏高原及其典型区域(柴达木盆地、河湟谷地、三江源地区及藏北高原)等温线的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)青藏高原近63年1月平均温度的4条等温线,较低温度集中分布在高原西北部,较高温度集中分布在东南部。气候倾向率为0.24℃/10 a。分阶段来看,4条等温线在4个时期内分别呈现向西南、东南、东北及东南方向移动的趋势。(2)1961—2023年青藏高原1月平均温度的4条等温线在垂直梯度上均呈上升趋势,上升速率在13.03~41.66 m/10 a之间。(3)1961—2023年典型区域的3条等温线温度由低到高在柴达木盆地向内聚拢,在河湟谷地及藏北高原自北向南迁移,在三江源地区自西向东迁移。4个不同区域的等温线在垂直梯度上均呈上升趋势,并且从高温到低温均向更高海拔地区迁移,柴达木盆地上升速率为29.05~57.02 m/10 a;河湟谷地上升速率为11.16~57.9 m/10 a;三江源地区上升速率为16.24~32.58 m/10 a;藏北高原上升速率为7.54~23.8 m/10 a。
Based on average January temperatures data on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) from 1961 to 2023, this paper identifies four periods: 1961—1990, 1971—2000, 1981—2010, and 1991—2023. Using four isotherms at -30°C, -20°C, -10°C, and 0°C, and methods such as climate trend rates and centre-of-gravity shifts, this paper systematically analyzes the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of isotherms across the QTP and its typical regions, including the Qaidam Basin, the Hehuang Valley, the San Jiangyuan region, and the Northern Tibetan Plateau. The results show that:(1) For the four isotherms representing average January temperatures on the QTP over the past 63 years, lower temperatures are concentrated in the north-western part of the plateau,while higher temperatures are concentrated in the south-eastern part. The variation in temperature is 0.24℃ per decade. When examined by period, the four isotherms show shifts towards the southwest, southeast, northeast, and southeast,respectively. The range of temperature variation in these four periods is 0.05 to 0.59℃ per decade, with the most pronounced increase occurring in the third period. (2) During the period 1961 to 2023, the four isotherms all exhibited an upward trend along the vertical gradient, with rates of increase ranging from 13.03 to 41.66 meters per decade. (3) During the period 1961—2023, the three isotherms in the typical regions converged from low to high temperatures towards the centre of the Qaidam Basin, migrated from north to south in the He huang Valley and the Northern Tibetan Plateau, and migrated from west to east in the San Jiangyuan area. The isotherms of the four regions show an upward trend in the vertical gradient, and migrated to higher altitudes from high to low temperatures, with the rate of increase in the Qaidam Basin ranging from 29.05 to 57.02 m/10 a; the rate of increase in the Hehuang Valley ranging from 11.16 to 57.9 m/10 a; the rate of increase in the San Jiangyuan region ranging from 16.24 to 32.58 m/10 a; and the rate of increase in the Northern Tibetan Plateau ranging from 7.54 to 23.8 m/10 a.
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